REVIEW GAME: Civil War & Reconstruction

In the years before the 1860 Presidential election, what was Abraham Lincoln’s position in regards to the slavery issue?

He wanted to stop the EXPANSION of slavery.

What event led to the secession of South Carolina in 1860?

The election of Abraham Lincoln.

What was President James Buchanan’s reaction when South Carolina seceded from the Union?

He did NOTHING.

Who was elected president of the Confederate States?

Jefferson Davis.

Where were the first shots fired of the Civil War?

Ft. Sumter.

How did geography contribute to the Union’s difficulty in defending Ft. Sumter?

The Fort was on an island in the middle of Confederate territory.

Who was given command of all Union forces after 1864?

Ulysses S. Grant

What was the one Union advantage that Grant was the first to recognize and use to win battles?

The Union’s vast superiority in numbers.

What essential constitutional protection was suspended by Lincoln at two points during the war?

Habeas Corpus.

What is Habeas Corpus?

The right to appear before a judge after being arrested.

Who was given command of the Confederate Army at the outset of the war?

Robert E. Lee.

Which Confederate general—admired for his tremendous skill—was killed by friendly fire at the Battle of Chancellorsville?

Stonewall Jackson.

Which Union General ordered the evacuation and burning of Atlanta?

William T. Sherman.

List THREE strengths of the Union side in the Civil War:

--Had double the amount of railroad track. --Had twice as many factories (guns, shoes, etc.) --Had an economy balanced between farming and industry. --Had a functioning government. --Had an established army and navy. --Had 2/3 of the US’ population.

Identify THREE strengths of the Confederate side in the Civil War:

--Seven of the nation’s eight military colleges were in the South (most officers join the Confederacy). --The South did not need to invade, just defend. --The South was defending its home, way of life, honor, etc. --Southerners were better outdoorsmen, hunters, horsemen.

Discuss the Confederate war strategy:

--To play defense --To wage of war of attrition --To solicit the assistance of Great Britain.

The Union’s strategy for victory was called the Anaconda Plan. What was that?

To BLOCKADE the Atlantic Coast; take control of the Mississippi River & to choke off the Confederate economy.

Identify the FIRST battle of the Civil War:

The First Battle of Bull Run.

Which Confederate General was primarily responsible for the Southern victory at the First Battle of Bull Run?

Stonewall Jackson.

When Robert E. Lee launched an invasion of Maryland prior to the Battle of Antietam, what was his SECONDARY objective?

To convince the British enter the war on the Confederates’ side.

What were the political implications of the Emancipation Proclamation?

It REDEFINED the war as a struggle to END slavery.

Through most of 1864, what were the Confederates PRAYING would occur?

The defeat of Lincoln in the 1864 presidential election.

What was the TURNING POINT battle of the Civil War?

The Battle of Gettysburg.

Explain the significance of the Gettysburg Address:

It was seen to offer a new definition of the United States as a place where freedom and equality are the rights of all Americans.

Which battle involved a months-long siege and ended with the Union taking control of the Mississippi River?

The Battle of Vicksburg

When Ulysses S. Grant was elevated to Commander of all Union forces, he came to be hated by a large number of his men. Why?

He was willing to sacrifice HUGE numbers of soldiers in order to defeat the Confederacy.

Which Union General lost the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, eventually captured Atlanta and ordered it burned to the ground?

William T. Sherman.

Describe Sherman’s “march to the sea” from Atlanta to Savannah.

He looted, burned, pillaged and destroyed everything in his path.

What was accomplished by the ratification of the 13 th Amendment to the Constitution?

Slavery was OUTLAWED in the United States.

In which city did Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrender to Union General Ulysses S. Grant?

Appomattox Courthouse.

Describe the terms of peace offered by Grant to Lee:

Confederate soldiers could keep their horses & rifles & could go home as long as they remained law abiding citizens.

Who shot Abraham Lincoln in Ford’s Theater?

John Wilkes Booth.

Describe the PHYSICAL condition of the Southern states after the Civil War:

Railroads, houses, factories, farms, bridges– destroyed.

What factor led to the mass migration of poor whites out of the South after the Civil War?

They could not compete w/ freed slaves for jobs.

Compare & Contrast the Lincoln & Johnson plans for reconstruction:

Lincoln called for LENIENCY and FORGIVENESS for the South; States could REENTER the Union after 10% of their population took a loyalty oath. Johnson’s plan was EVEN MORE generous—states could reenter WITHOUT taking the loyalty oath.

Which constitutional amendment extended voting rights to former slaves?

The 15 th Amendment.

What was the role of the Freedman’s Bureau?

To provide food, shelter, clothing & education to former slaves.

What was the goal of the so-called “Black Codes”?

To keep former slaves as close to the condition of slavery as possible.

What were some components of the Black Codes?

Curfews, vagrancy laws, work requirements.

What was the view of the so-called “Radical Republicans”?

That African Americans should be provided with the EQUAL rights; that the South should be punished.

Why did the Radical Republicans try to impeach President Johnson?

They felt that he was doing nothing to protect the southern black population.

How did the governments of the Southern states change after the passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?

The South came under MILITARY rule.

What was guaranteed by the 14 th Amendment to the Constitution?

Equal protection under the law for ALL Americans.

What was guaranteed by the 15 th Amendment?

Voting rights for ALL males over the age of 21.

Which “social organization” used terror and violence to intimidate potential Republican voters?

The KKK.

Which event marked the OFFICIAL END to Reconstruction?

The Compromise of 1877.