 Today you need: book, new entry task paper with MLA heading, pen/pencil  (If you have not turned in your last group of entry tasks, staple them and turn them in now!)  Use the glossary in your book to define the following terms:  Divine right  Absolute monarch  Glorious revolution  Then, answer the following question:  Why did absolute monarchs believe that they were justified in exercising absolute power?

Setting the Stage for Revolution: Absolute Monarchies and Revolution in England

PATHWAY TO REVOLUTION   Elizabeth I (1558 – 1603) Absolute ruler of England Elizabeth I   Kept Parliament on her side   Stabilized the nation and expanded British territory   Died without an heir   Left Britain in debt

PATHWAY TO REVOLUTION

JAMES I 1603 – 1625   James VI of Scotland James VI of Scotland   Became James I of England when Elizabeth I died   Believed in Divine Right of Kings, “Kings are called gods because they sit upon God’s throne on earth.”   Struggled with Parliament over money, hated being told what to do   King James Bible   No other Puritan Reforms

CHARLES I   Charles I of England (son of James I) Charles I of England   Absolute monarch - put his enemies in prison without trial   Always wanted $$ for wars   Dissolved Parliament when he didn’t get his way   English Civil War between supporters of Charles and supporters of Parliament led by Oliver CromwellEnglish Civil War

 No imprisonment without due cause  No taxation without parliament’s consent  No putting soldiers in private homes  No martial law during peacetime  Charles I signed the petition and then ignored it – even dissolved parliament again and added more taxes on the people  Idea that the law was higher than the king (wow!!)  What does this contradict?

  Charles wanted one religion in England and Scotland   Supporters of Charles: Royalists or Cavaliers   Supporters of Oliver Cromwell: Roundheads   Parliament and Charles at odds   1647: Puritans under Cromwell held Charles prisoner   1649: sentenced to death   First ever public execution of a reigning monarch

OLIVER CROMWELL   Oliver Cromwell: abolished monarchy and House of Lords Oliver Cromwell   Tried republican form of government but….   Became military dictator   Puritan Morality – theaters closed, abolished sporting events and dancing, Sunday set aside for worship   Exiled Catholics to Ireland   Religious freedom for everyone except Catholics   Died in 1658

CHARLES II THE RESTORATION   Charles II - Popular ruler Charles II   Monarchy restored = RestorationRestoration   Respected the wishes of Parliament   Restored the Church of England   Stabilized government   Habeas Corpus  Prisoners must know charges against them  Cannot be held indefinitely without a trial   No heir to rule England… Protestants afraid of his Catholic brother James

JAMES II   James II - Absolute Ruler James II   Didn’t get along with Parliament   Added to the growing debt   Offended his subjects by being openly Catholic   His wife had a son…Protestants scared of a line of Catholic kings   Forced from throne in what came to be called the Glorious Revolution

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, 1685  James had an older daughter, Mary  Mary was married to William of Orange, a prince of the Netherlands  Members of Parliament invited William and Mary to overthrow James for the sake of Protestantism  William and his army entered London, James fled to France  Glorious Revolution: bloodless overthrow of King James II

WILLIAM and MARY – 1689  Agreed to recognize Parliament as partner in governing  Constitutional Monarchy: laws limit the rulers power  Bill of Rights  No suspending of Parliament’s laws  No taxes without a specific grant from Parliament  No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament  No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances  Cabinet system: link between the monarch and the majority party in Parliament  Still used in English government today!

What should we remember about the Glorious Revolution?  Queen Elizabeth I: (death)  Following Elizabeth’s rule of 45 years, 86 years with 7 different rulers with different levels of authority  Constant shifts between Protestant and Catholic power  Too much absolutism leads to revolution  From absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy  Still the model of government today

CYOA assignment Choose a different option than you did last time!  Paragraph Shrinks – all paragraphs  Section Assessment – p. 183 (all except #9)  Timeline of Events – at least 5 events  Acrostic Poem – more than one word  Txt Msg Summ – at least 2 events with explanations  Cartoon Strip – at least 4 boxes  Guided Reading Worksheet – copy diagram and complete notes and term definitions on your own paragraph  If you finish early, choose a second option to work on  We will work until 15 min before class ends