Lab 10: Reproductive System

Endocrine Review What is the structure that transports hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland? What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

Digestive Review What 2 structures are linked by the esophagus? Name two specialized structures in the digestive tract that increase the surface area available for reabsorption.

Announcements Next week- Final Lab Practical Review Lab Reports Due Today Final Lab Practical regular lab time two weeks from today.

Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction What is sexual reproduction? Compared to asexual reproduction Advantages Disadvantages

Chromosomes and “n” What is “n”? Number of copies of each chromosome Difference between “n” and chromosome number. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes Humans are 2n Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes

Gametes and Zygotes Gametes Zygote 1N sex cells Product of meiosis 2N fusion of gametes Product of fertilization

Meiosis vs Mitosis Meiosis Mitosis Reduction division Sexual division and formation of gametes Mitosis Somatic cell division Chromosome “n” number same in starting cell and end products

Sex organs and characteristics Primary Sex Organs Secondary Sex Organs Secondary Sex Characteristics

Overview- Male Reproductive Anatomy Testis Epididymis Vas Deferens Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicle Bulbourethral Gland Penis Urethra Glans Penis

Male Reproductive System

Scrotum Testis Epididymis Vas deferens Produce Sperm Stores Sperm and allows to mature Vas deferens Connects epididymis to the seminal vessicles Smooth muscles transport sperm to pelvic cavity

Semen Semen: fluid ejaculated by the male Components: Sperm: 10% of semen Prostrate Gland: 30% of semen Seminal vesicle: 60% of semen Secretions from the Bulbourethral gland Secretes fluid that lubricates tip of penis Neutralizes acid pH from urine

Penis Penis Urethra Glans penis Delivers semen to the vagina Tube that delivers semen out of body What other system is this a part of??? Glans penis Swollen head of the penis

Erection Cause Activator Increase Blood Flow / Vasodilation Sexual simulation Nitric Oxide stimulates vasodilation

Overview- Female Reproductive System Ovary Fimbriae Uterine tubes Uterus Cervix Vagina

Female Reproductive System Uterus Uterine tubes Ovary Vagina

Egg development and Transport Ovary Female gonads produce eggs Fimbriae Feathery projections connect ovary to the uterine tube Uterine Tube Delivers egg to the uterus

Uterus Thick muscular chamber Fertilized egg will attach to wall Harbors embryo Provides nutrition to embryo Expels fetus 3 layers: perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium

Birth Canal Cervix Vagina Cylindrical inferior end of Uterus Receptor for the penis

Dynamic Human CD Anatomy

Spermatogenesis Primordial Germ Cell Mitosis Type A and Type B spermatogonium Type A retained Type B passes over blood-testis barrier and becomes Primary spermatocyte

Spermatogenesis Primary spermatocyte Meiosis I Secondary spermatocyte Meiosis II Spermatids Spermatogenesis Spermatozoa

Spermatogenesis

Oogenesis One cell type (Primary oocyte) 2n Meiosis first division Secondary Oocyte (1n) Polar body 1n (Degrades)

Secondary Oocyte No fertilization Fertilization Gets half way through meiosis 2 and dies Fertilization Meiosis second division completes Egg 1n (to be fertilized) Polar body 1n (Degrades)

Oogenesis

Summary of Gamete Formation Spermatogenesis 1 primary spermatocyte produces 4 spermatozoa Oogenesis 1 primary oocyte produces 1 egg and two lost polar bodies

Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Dynamic Human CD Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis

Ovarian Cycle (Egg maturation) Follicular Lasts about 14 days First 3-5 days  menstruation Developing oocytes held in follicle, polar bodies die Ovulation Day 14 Oocyte released from follicle Luteal About 14 days Oocyte held in corpus luteum

Ovarian Cycle

Menstrual Cycle Proliferative Secretory Menstration Rebuilding of endometrial tissue by mitosis Secretory Thickening of endometrial tissue caused by secretion of nutrient-rich fluid Menstration Blood, serous fluid and tissue discharge

Menstrual Cycle

Breast Cancer Cancer of the lymphatic vessels of the breast Caused by: Excess weight Smoking Alcohol Heredity Treatment Lumpectomy Partial mastectomy Total mastectomy

Circumcision Prepuce is removed from Glans penis Done for hygienic reasons Largely deemed unnecessary today Although???

Sterilization Males Vasectomy Females Tubal ligation Vas deferens severed Females Tubal ligation Division of uterine tubes

Cat dissection Sex the cat Female Male Scrotum Testes Ovary Uterine horns Body of uterus Male Scrotum Testes Carefully remove the connective tissue surrounding the testes epididymis  vas deferens - Penis

Review Reproductive anatomy Meiosis and Gamete formation Identification of anatomy of cats Lab Practical Review Next Week during normal lab time. Final Lab Practice two weeks from today