Industrial Revolution By J. Collins

Industrial Revolution The IR is when people stopped making stuff at home and started making stuff in factories.

Cottage Industry

Factory system

Cotton gin His cotton gin removed the seeds out of raw cotton.

Steam Engine The steam engine was not just a transportation device. It ran entire factories the way rivers used to.

Steam engine

Railroads

Transcontinental RR The transcontinental railroad made travel across the country faster, cheaper and more efficient.

The transcontinental RR met in Utah

Canals Canals are manmade waterways dug between 2 large bodies of water. The Erie Canal was a short cut from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.

Erie Canal 1825

Panama Canal The Panama Canal was a shortcut from the Atlantic to the Pacific (or backwards).

Panama Canal

Telegraph Samuel Morse invented the telegraph. It communicated using a series of beeps (Morse code).

telephone Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.

Robber Barons Andrew Carnegie owned US Steel.

Steel Mill at night.

Robber Barons John D. Rockefeller owned the railroads and the oil industries

Monopoly Carnegie and Rockefeller ran their competition out of business. A monopoly is when one company controls the entire industry.

Thomas Edison The light bulb allowed factories to work at night.

Phonograph

Edison’s inventions Motion picture camera

Immigration

Pull factors Immigrants come to the USA for jobs and opportunities.

Pull factors are good stuff to bring immigrants here like jobs.

Jobs pulled immigrants here.

Free land was a pull factor

Push factors Push factors are bad stuff to push immigrants away from their home countries, like war or disease. The Irish Potato Famine was a push factor.

Many immigrants lived in tenements.

tenement

Child labor Many immigrants put their children to work ASAP.

Child labor Shoeshine boys

Child labor Bowling pin boys

Child labor Coal miner boys

Child labor Young miner

For factory work, girls were often preferred over boys. They were paid less and had smaller hands – for reaching into machinery.

Any questions before quiz?

Progressivism

Progressivism is a series of reform movements during the late 1800 and early 1900s.

Progressive goals Progressives sought the following: Temperance Reform of the government Suffrage for women Better working conditions More government regulation Efficient industry

Temperance Movement Women fought to ban alcohol in America. They did this without the vote!

Temperance movement Women would go to saloons and start singing church hymns.

Temperance movement Later in 1920, they would be successful with the 18 th Amendment which banned the sale or production of alcohol.

Social welfare YMCA provided charity work for slum neighborhoods like classes and entertainment.

Political Reforms Progressives wanted big business out of politics. Progressives wanted more popular sovereignty.

Political Reforms Secret ballot – Progressives wanted people to vote without intimidation.

Political Reforms Recall – special election to get rid of a politician. Auhnold is governor of CA because of a recall election.

Political reform Progressives reformed local governments by allowing people to introduce bills (initiative). A referendum is a vote on that initiative.

Political reform The Seventeenth Amendment put more power into the peoples’ hands. It allowed for the direct election of US Senators. Before, state legislators would choose. Here are the Texas Senators:

Political reform Progressives wanted big business out of politics. Political machines controlled the political parties.

Political Reform One famous political machine was the Tammany Ring of NYC.

Political machines weren’t all bad. They provided jobs to immigrants and other services

Economic Reform The Sixteenth Amendment allows for a graduated income tax. That means the rich pay a higher percentage than poor people.

Women’s suffrage

Suffragists We hold these truths to be self evident that all men and women are created equal.

Suffragists Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the grandmother of the movement

Women all over the USA and Britain paraded and protested for suffrage.

Women’s suffrage Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fought for women’s rights.

WWI helped women get the vote because they worked so hard during WWI.

The Nineteenth Amendment gave women’s suffrage.

Labor Reform Labor unions struggled in the 1800s to fight for better working conditions (shorter work day, workers’ comp).

Labor reform Unions went on strike, and they turned violent most of the time.

Labor unions Skilled labor unions were more successful because they were harder to replace.

Progressives got laws passed that prohibited child labor.

Progressives passed laws limiting hours women worked.

Progressives passed laws requiring workplace safety.

Workplace safety.

Progressive Presidents Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt

Teddy was the youngest president in history at the time.

Trust buster

Roosevelt read The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, a muckraker

As a result, he passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Food and Drug Act

1906

Efficient industry While some progressives fought industry with labor unions and government regulation, others helped industry by using science in the workplace.

Taylorism – increasing efficiency through studies of human motion.

Industrial efficiency Henry Ford learned that the less people had to move, the faster they would work.

Ford’s assembly line

The first cars were very expensive.

Model T The Model T was the first car that middle class people could afford.

Model T The assembly line lowered the cost of the Model T from $825 to $300.