1. American Studies I & U.S. History I (Honors) Mr. Calella

2.  What types of problems were affecting people in the late 1800s and early 1900s?  What do you think some possible solutions could be for these problems?  What do all of the solutions have in common?  What does “progressive” mean?

3.  The Progressive Movement

4.  Populism: power to the people  From the Grangers (farmers fighting back against rich corporations-banks, RR Cos)  Populist Party of the 1890s (farmers, laborers, factory workers, union workers)  Opposed the gold standard to combat deflation; wanted to add silver  1896, support Dem. Candidate William Jennings Bryant (“Cross of God Speech”)  Rep. William McKinley wins

5. 1. Protecting Social Welfare (help the poor; YMCA) 2. Promoting Moral Improvement (Prohibition) 18 th Am in 1919; ended with 21 st Am in 1933 3. Economic Reform (regulate against monopolies) MUCKRAKERS: journalists who wrote about the corruption/graft in big business and government (Standard Oil/Rockefeller) * Why were they so effective in making change? 4. Promoting Efficiency (make workplace safer and more efficient)

8.  REVIEW: Why was reform needed in city government?  Reform of State Government  Progressive state governors: cleaned up corruption; regulated big business in their states, such as railroad companies  Child labor: state laws passed banning it  Limit work day: state laws passed because of worker safety issues

11.  Initiative: bill originated by the people rather than the legislative branch  Referendum: vote on the initiative (pass or fail)  Recall: voters can use this type of vote to force an elected politician to face election before the end of his/her term

12.  Before: state legislatures chose the two Senators who would represent the people of that state in the U.S. Senator in Washington, D.C.  For example, the New Jersey State Legislature (Senate Assembly and the State Senate) would choose NJ’s 2 Senators  After: Popular vote (people choose)

13.  Progressive Women’s Movements

14.  Women laborers worked on farms and in factories (“sweatshops” in garment industry)  Women got high school degrees and became bookkeepers and typists  Women domestic workers (many of whom were Irish immigrants) for middle and upper class families

16.  Suffrage: right to vote  19 th Amendment: 1920, women granted suffrage  Short video segment on the Progressive Era

18.  The Jungle : 1906 novel by Upton Sinclair, a muckraker journalist, about the sickening conditions of the early 1900s meatpacking industry.  Page 523, excerpt from the novel  After reading the novel, President Teddy Roosevelt, a Progressive, vowed to “clean up” the industry.  REVIEW : What is a Progressive?

19.  Theodore Roosevelt

20.  President McKinley assassinated 6 months into his 2 nd term and Vice President Roosevelt becomes President; youngest at 42  “Man’s man”  44 of his books get published  Hero in the Spanish American War at the Battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba  He saw the presidency as a Bully Pulpit, or a position where he could influence the public to get reform legislation passed.

21.  TR was a “trustbuster”  REVIEW : What is a trust?  He directed government attorneys to use the Sherman Anti-Trust to sue companies involved in trusts  Why is this a progressive measure?  He help to end the 1902 Coal Strike. This act help set the precedent that if a labor strike threatened national security, the government would intervene  Why Progressive?  He used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate RRs.  Why Progressive? How were RRs hurting people?

22.  Meat Inspection Act: TR kept his promise to Upton Sinclair; he helped to pass this Act which set up strict cleanliness requirements for the meatpacking industry.  1906 Pure Food and Drug Act: TR helped to pass this Act; food and drugs had to have truthful labels (before Act, lots of “snake oil” on market and children’s medicine filled with alcohol, cocaine, opium)  Conservation: What is it?  Help set up national forest reserve

23.  Who was left out?  Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)  Jim Crow laws in south  De jure discrimination in South and de facto discrimination in North  Progressives do not do enough to remedy situation  SHOW VIDEO CLIP!!!