1. Industrial Revolution
Invention, Innovation, and Impact

2. Industrial Revolution https://www. history
The Industrial Revolution (1790 – 1830) was a gradual replacement of many hand tools by machines (Factories & Manufactured good)
The Second Industrial Revolution (1865 – 1905) included discoveries, inventions, and the Bessemer Process.
The Bessemer Processes allowed for an increase in steel production and lead to more railroads and larger buildings.

3. Inventions & Innovation

4. Inventions/Innovations of the Revolution
Refined Oil- could now be used for cooking lighting, and heating. Creating a large demand.
Electricity- The spread of electricity by power companies brought power to homes & businesses.
Light Bulb – Thomas Edison’s light bulb allowed for practical light. (Extending work hours)
Steel – The Bessemer Process increased the use of steel (Railways, buildings & bridges)

5. Cotton Gin https://www. history
It worked something like a strainer or sieve: Cotton was run through a wooden drum embedded with a series of hooks that caught the fibers and dragged them through a mesh. The mesh was too fine to let the seeds through but the hooks pulled the cotton fibers through with ease. It made picking the seeds of cotton much easier and quicker The average cotton picker could remove the seeds from only about one pound of short-staple cotton per day. With the Cotton Gin, Whitney’s hand-cranked machine could remove the seeds from 50 pounds of cotton in a single day.

6. Transportation

7. Inventions/Innovations of the Revolution
Transportation
Expansion or Railroads – encouraged by cheaper steel increased transportation of people & goods across the country.
Automobile – Ford’s assembly manufacturing made cars more affordable and popular

8. Communication

9. Inventions/Innovations of the Revolution
Communication
Telegraph – Communicating quickly across the country through typed messages
Morse Code- communication using dots and dashes to send coded messages
Telephone – Bell’s telephones allowed for faster communication.
Typewriter – allowed for business and news to travel faster

10. John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil
Giants of Industry
John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil
Alexander G. Bell
Telephone

11. Giants of Industry & Monopolies
Many entrepreneurs formed businesses as corporations ( businesses that sell portions of ownership called stock shares)
Andrew Carnegie – Steel:
John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil Company
Andrew Graham Bell – Communication

12. Giants of Industry & Monopolies
Many U.S. citizens were concerned with these large companies started creating monopolies
Monopolies – total ownership of a product or service (controlling the prices)
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) made it illegal to created monopolies or trust that restrained trade but was extremely difficult to enforce. :

13. The Impact – Working Conditions
The increase in production and the demand of new production lead to poor working conditions.
Small crowded work spaces
Increased injuries (unsafe work areas)
Poor air quality
Long hours
Low wages
No job security
Child Labor

14. Working Conditions

15. Child Labor

16. Child Labor

17. Unions
Workers began to organize and demand improvements in working conditions.
Labor Unions Wanted
8 Hour Work Days
Equal Pay for Equal Work
Safer working conditions
End Child Labor
Workers would come together and go on strikes (often led to violence)