France, Britain, Eastern Europe, Art

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Presentation transcript:

France, Britain, Eastern Europe, Art in the 1920s France, Britain, Eastern Europe, Art

Europe in 1919

Collective Security

League of Nations Members

Washington Naval Conference [1921-1922] U. S. Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67

Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928 15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes. Problem  no way of enforcement.

France

Raymond Poincaré & the Conservative Right He sent French troops into the Ruhr in 1923. Pushed for large-scale infrastructure reconstruction programs [counting on German reparations to pay for them]. After 1926-29: New taxes & tightened tax collections. Drastic decline in govt. spending that stabilized the franc [the threat of runaway inflation was avoided!]

cost of building defenses against Germany Problems in Interwar France Severe economic problems inflation war debt cost of building defenses against Germany

The Maginot Line

Austin Chamberlain (Br.) Locarno Pact: 1925 Austin Chamberlain (Br.) Gustave Stresemann (Ger.) Aristide Briand (Fr.) Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

Locarno Pact: 1925

France Tries to Encircle Germany in Defensive Alliances Czechoslovakia Poland Romania Yugoslavia Russia

Losing Confidence in French Gov’t due to the Great Depression Leon Blum Popular Front Partial nationalization *gov’t attempting to control economy *unions gain political strength

England

Ramsay MacDonald: 1924, 1929 Labour Party

Stanley Baldwin Conservative Party

1926 General Strike Trades Disputes Act (1927): All general or sympathy strikes were illegal. It forbade unions from raising money for political purposes.

Irish Questions Easter Rising 1916 Michael Collins -Irish nationalist Sinn Fein - Irish nationalist party. Their military branch was the Irish Republican Army (IRA) 1922 Irish Free State - Northern Protestant counties remain w England. - Catholic Southern counties become Republic of Ireland Many still want one united country

Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe Before World War II Shaky

Art in the 1920s

George Grosz Grey Day (1921) DaDa

The Pillars of Society (1926) George Grosz The Pillars of Society (1926) DaDa

Picasso  Studio with Plaster Head [1925] Cubism

Guernica by Pablo Picasso 1937 This monumental work has eclipsed the bounds of a single time and place, becoming a perpetual reminder of the tragedies of war, an anti-war symbol, and an embodiment of peace.

Georges Braque  Still Life LeJeur [1929] Cubism

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