1. THREATS TO WORLD PEACE

2. Kellogg-Briand Pact
1928-United States and France
Makes war “illegal”
Eventually 60 nations sign agreement

3. Japanese Aggressions 1931 Japan invades China’s province of Manchuria
League of Nation’s condemns action
Japan withdraws from League
Japan continues through China
By 1939 controls one-fourth of all China including all seaports

4. Italy’s Aggressions
1934-Ethiopia is in a border dispute-Italy takes advantage and invades
1936-Italy announces Ethiopia is now a part of the Italian Empire
League of Nations places economic sanctions on Italy
No military action, League has no army
no real effect; no major powers willing to enforce (US not member)

5. Spanish Civil War
Political unrest leads to new governments in 1923 and 1931
1931 Second Spanish Republic-many reforms put in place
Angers Spanish conservatives-form fascist party “Falange”-uses terrorism
1936 Spanish Civil War
Falangists=Nationalists-led by Francisco Franco
Spanish Republic-Loyalists=Republicans

6. Spanish Civil War Germany and Italy send troops to help Fascists
Russia, France, Great Britain, and US aid the republic (but not to the extent of Germany/Italy)
These anti-fascists were called the International Brigades

7. Spanish Civil War
1939 Nationalists defeat Loyalists/International Brigades
Franco sets up government similar to Mussolini’s Italy
Spanish Civil War came to demonstrate larger European conflict between communism and fascism

8. Vocabulary Kellogg-Briand Pact Falange International Brigades Fascism
Communism
Francisco Franco