1. THE FUTILE SEARCH FOR A NEW STABILITY: EUROPE BETWEEN THE WARS
CHAPTER
THE FUTILE SEARCH FOR A NEW STABILITY: EUROPE BETWEEN THE WARS

2. Quiz pp. 739-741 What was the LITTLE ENTENTE?
What did the French occupy in order to force Germany to pay war reparations?
What was the name of the American plan for reparations which included loans and investments from the US to Europe?
What two countries signed the TREATY OF LOCARNO?
The KELLOGG-BRIAND agreed to “renounce ___________ as an instrument of national policy.”

3. AN UNCERTAIN PEACE - THE SEARCH FOR SECURITY:
Europe after 1919 –
tried to solve nationalism
Redrawing borders
Creating new states - 11 new countries created
Unhappiness over borders still remained in Eastern Europe
Germany was angry, resentful, and humiliated - article reparations
The League of Nations - it was hoped that this could resolve conflicts and keep the peace
USA - does not join the League of Nations, rejects the Treaty of Versailles -> isolationism
Britain - focus on economic problems and ignore continental problems
France - isolated and without allies
Russia - communist = toxic = the outcast of Europe
The Little Entente = France forms alliance with Czechoslovakia + Romania + Yugoslavia (enlarged Serbia )
France forms alliance also with the new Poland

4. THE FRENCH POLICY OF COERCION (1919-1924):
Strict enforcement of the T. of Versailles
Tough policy towards Germany = must pay full reparations
1921 the reparations that Germany owed was set at billion marks
Germany agrees and starts to pay reparations in 1921
1922 Germany says it is broke and can’t pay the reparations
France sends troops to occupy the Ruhr Valley in Germany - operate and use Ruhr mines and factories

6. Ruhr Valley - Germany’s mining and industrial heartland Germans adopt policy of passive resistance Germany begins printing money to pay debts = inflation The policy of coercion adopted by France proves to be a loser for both Germany and France

7. THE HOPEFUL YEARS (1924-1929) The second half of the 1920’s –
New governments in France, Britain, and Germany
New conciliatory approach to Germany and the reparations problem
Gustav Stresemann = new elected leader of the Weimar Republic
End passive resistance
Agree to obey the Treaty of Versailles
Seek a new settlement for the reparations problem
The Dawes Plan 1924 = American loans to Germany to assist economic recovery
The Treaty of Locarno 1925 = settles problems between Germany and France - “the spirit of Locarno”
Germany admitted to the League of Nations in 1926
The Kellogg-Briand Pact = treaty “making war illegal”
Disarmament - conferences and treaties designed to reduce weapons

8. GUSTAV STRESEMANN –Weimar
Germany’s greatest politician
THE SIGNING OF THE KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT ->
MAKING WAR ILLEGAL

9. PLEASE EXPLAIN THE CARTOON ON THE RIGHT -> WHAT ARE THE ROCKS?