1. The World After WWI The Collapse of the Old Order Road to Totalitarianism

2. Europe Before WWI

3. The Collapse of the Old Order- New Boundaries The Versailles Treaty changed the boundaries in Europe and around the world The Versailles Treaty changed the boundaries in Europe and around the world In Europe In Europe Germany Germany Lost Alsace-Lorraine to France (West) Lost Alsace-Lorraine to France (West) Poland took part of the Eastern side of Germany Poland took part of the Eastern side of Germany Czechoslovakia gained part of Southern Germany (Sudetenland) Czechoslovakia gained part of Southern Germany (Sudetenland)

4. Austria- Hungarian Empire Austria- Hungarian Empire Serbia was given various states in the Balkans to create Yugoslavia Serbia was given various states in the Balkans to create Yugoslavia Hungary became a separate country Hungary became a separate country Turkey Turkey Saudia Arabia became independent Saudia Arabia became independent Britain gained Palestine, Jordan and Iraq as Mandates- a lease Britain gained Palestine, Jordan and Iraq as Mandates- a lease France was given Lebanon and Syria as mandates. France was given Lebanon and Syria as mandates.

5. Russia Russia Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and the Ukraine - to be independent Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and the Ukraine - to be independent Did not gain from Versailles Did not gain from Versailles

6. Europe in 1919

7. The Collapse of the Old Order- The Lost Generation Europe was destroyed: Europe was destroyed: Economically- The cost of WWI bankrupt Europe Economically- The cost of WWI bankrupt Europe Socially- huge populations of men killed, Socially- huge populations of men killed, Politically- Revolutions all over Europe Politically- Revolutions all over Europe American writers and artists in Europe captured the negative attitude of the survivors of Europe. American writers and artists in Europe captured the negative attitude of the survivors of Europe. Called the “Lost Generation” by author Gertrude Stein Called the “Lost Generation” by author Gertrude Stein

8. The Collapse of the Old Order- Colonial Movement Germany lost all foreign colonies to France and England Germany lost all foreign colonies to France and England Wilson’s idea of Self-Determination gave rise to Nationalist movements in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, and Asia Wilson’s idea of Self-Determination gave rise to Nationalist movements in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, and Asia

9. The World After WWI

10. Road to Totalitarianism

11. Keeping the Peace- Economic Solutions Problem One- The Versailles Treaty punished the Germans with war reparations they could not pay. Problem One- The Versailles Treaty punished the Germans with war reparations they could not pay. Problem Two- England and France had difficulty recovering from the war, because they relied on Germany for funding. Problem Two- England and France had difficulty recovering from the war, because they relied on Germany for funding. Solution- The Dawes Plan: Reduced the level of German reparations Solution- The Dawes Plan: Reduced the level of German reparations

12. The Dawes Plan (1924)

13. Keeping the Peace- New Alliances The Lorcano Treaties: Set up the boundaries for France, Germany, and Belgium. Also set up alliances between France, Poland and Czechoslovakia The Lorcano Treaties: Set up the boundaries for France, Germany, and Belgium. Also set up alliances between France, Poland and Czechoslovakia

14. Locarno Pact: 1925 Gustave Stresemann (Ger.) Aristide Briand (Fr.) Austin Chamberlain (Br.)  Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.  Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.  Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.  Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

15. The Great Depression [1929-1941] Paris in 1930 London in 1930

16. Threat to Peace- The Great Depression 1929: The U.S. stock market, overpriced and overvalued crashed. US bankers called in loans from Germany, England and France. 1929: The U.S. stock market, overpriced and overvalued crashed. US bankers called in loans from Germany, England and France. The US economy collapsed due to high spending and defaulted loans from Europe, The US economy collapsed due to high spending and defaulted loans from Europe,

17. European Debts to the United States

18. Threat to Peace- Totalitarianism After WWI there was a rise in totalitarian governments, in the USSR, Italy, and Germany After WWI there was a rise in totalitarian governments, in the USSR, Italy, and Germany Totalitarian: a government in which a one-party dictatorship regulates every part of citizens lives. Totalitarian: a government in which a one-party dictatorship regulates every part of citizens lives.

19. Signs of a Totalitarian Gov’t. Non-democratic Non-democratic Uses modern technology- radio, movies etc.. Uses modern technology- radio, movies etc.. Grew in poor economic/social conditions Grew in poor economic/social conditions Army & civilians geared to one goal: VICTORY Army & civilians geared to one goal: VICTORY The whole population forced to sacrifice & increasingly under gov’t control The whole population forced to sacrifice & increasingly under gov’t control

21. Example: The Soviet Union

22. Josef Stalin (Man of Steel) Josef Stalin (Man of Steel) an opponent of Trotsky an opponent of Trotsky Took over the Soviet Union in 1924 Took over the Soviet Union in 1924 wanted to modernize & industrialize the USSR wanted to modernize & industrialize the USSR 5 yr. Plans- a series of plans to industrialize the USSR 5 yr. Plans- a series of plans to industrialize the USSR Collectivization- all farms owed and controlled by the government. People forced to work in the farms. Collectivization- all farms owed and controlled by the government. People forced to work in the farms. Great Purges- mass executions of political opponents Great Purges- mass executions of political opponents

23. Threat to Peace- Fascism Fascism: a political system that takes power through violence, propaganda and nationalism. Fascism: a political system that takes power through violence, propaganda and nationalism. Created by Benito Mussolini Created by Benito Mussolini

24. Benito Mussolini [1883-1945]

25. Threat to Peace- Storm Clouds 1. In 1919, Benito Mussolini formed the Fascist party out of angry WWI veterans and social reformers. 1. In 1919, Benito Mussolini formed the Fascist party out of angry WWI veterans and social reformers. In 1922: Mussolini’s Black Shirts march on Rome in an attempted coup. Mussolini’s Fascist party took power in Italy In 1922: Mussolini’s Black Shirts march on Rome in an attempted coup. Mussolini’s Fascist party took power in Italy By 1925: Mussolini became Il Duce – the Leader By 1925: Mussolini became Il Duce – the Leader

26. In 1922: Mussolini’s Black Shirts march on Rome in an attempted coup. In 1922: Mussolini’s Black Shirts march on Rome in an attempted coup. Mussolini’s Fascist party took power in Italy Mussolini’s Fascist party took power in Italy By 1925: Mussolini became Il Duce – the Leader By 1925: Mussolini became Il Duce – the Leader

27. March on Rome [1922]

29. Il Duce

30. Threat to Peace- German Problems 1. 1919: The Germans set up the Weimar Republic- a democratic government. The Weimar Republic was weak and financially poor. 1. 1919: The Germans set up the Weimar Republic- a democratic government. The Weimar Republic was weak and financially poor. 2. High Unemployment, starvation, threats of Communist revolution 2. High Unemployment, starvation, threats of Communist revolution

31. The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory Disgruntled German WWI veterans

32. Threat to Peace- The Austrian Corporal Adolf Hitler was born in April 20, 1889 Adolf Hitler was born in April 20, 1889 He fought in WWI and hated the Weimar Republic that signed the Versailles Treaty He fought in WWI and hated the Weimar Republic that signed the Versailles Treaty In 1919 he joined the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis) In 1919 he joined the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis) In 1923: Hitler attempted to take over the city of Munich and failed, sentenced to 5 years in prison. In 1923: Hitler attempted to take over the city of Munich and failed, sentenced to 5 years in prison.

33. The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923

34. Threat to Peace- Rise to Power 1. While in prison Hitler wrote Mein Kampf- his ideas about the “Aryan” race. 1. While in prison Hitler wrote Mein Kampf- his ideas about the “Aryan” race. 2. After his release from prison, Hitler focused on gaining power in Germany 2. After his release from prison, Hitler focused on gaining power in Germany 3. In 1933, the Nazis gained several seats in the German Parliament and Hitler was named Chancellor of Germany. 3. In 1933, the Nazis gained several seats in the German Parliament and Hitler was named Chancellor of Germany.

35. Threat to Peace- Hitler’s Germany 1. Beginning in 1933, Hitler started to rebuild Germany’s military power, which improved the Economy 1. Beginning in 1933, Hitler started to rebuild Germany’s military power, which improved the Economy 2. He attempted to influence the German people through art, music, literature and other forms of propaganda. 2. He attempted to influence the German people through art, music, literature and other forms of propaganda.