Introduction to Matter Chapter 2 Note-Packet Introduction to Matter

Section 1

The study of properties of matter and how matter changes Chapter 2 Notes Chemistry The study of properties of matter and how matter changes Physical properties Matter has two kinds of properties Chemical properties Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Substance The same composition and properties Always has A single kind of matter that is pure

Can be used to classify matter Chapter 2 Notes Properties of Matter Physical property Chemical property Characteristic of a pure substance that can be seen without changing it into another substance Characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances Example Example Can be used to classify matter Liquid water freezing into ice Iron combines with oxygen to form rust

Elements are the simplest substance! Chapter 2 Notes Element Elements are the simplest substance! Pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means Molecules Group of 2 or more atoms held together by a chemical bond When atoms combine A chemical bond forms- a force of attraction between the two atoms Example The basic particle from which all elements are made Two Hydrogen atoms and one Oxygen atom forms water Atoms

C O C O 2 Chapter 2 Notes Compounds Chemical Formula Pure substance made of two or more different elements chemically combined in a set ratio Shows the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms Elements that are chemically combined have different properties from the uncombined elements Chemical Formula C O C O 2 A different ratio equals a different compound The ratio of Carbon to Oxygen is 1:2

Compounds- The combined elements change their properties. Chapter 2 Notes Contrast Mixture Compounds- The combined elements change their properties. Mixtures- The combined elements keep their properties. A mix of two or more substances that retain their own properties Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixture where you can see the different parts Mixture where you cannot see the different parts A homogeneous mixture is called a solution Examples Salad in a bowl Dissolved sugar in water

Section 2

The measure of the force of gravity on you Weight Mass The measure of the force of gravity on you The measure of the amount of matter in an object Relates to Units Grams (g) Does not change with location Formula Volume = Length x Width x Height Units Density g / cm3 Volume The mass of a material in a given volume The amount of space that matter occupies Formula Units Density = Mass Volume Liter (L), milliliter (mL) and cubic centimeter (cm3)

Section 3

Combination of fuel with oxygen Physical Change Chemical Change When a substance changes, but is still the same substance after the change When a substance changes into a new substance with properties different from the original Combustion Combination of fuel with oxygen Changes of state Electrolysis Using electricity to break down compounds Changes of shape or form Oxidation Tarnishing Combination of substance with oxygen Combining metals with substances, producing dark coat on metal

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances Chemical Reactions Changes in Color A change in matter that produces one or more new substances A color change may signal that a chemical change has occurred Chemical changes occur when bonds break and new bonds form Precipitate may form A solid that forms from solution during a chemical reaction is a precipitate Evidence for chemical Reactions, or changes A gas may form If a chemical change occurs from liquids or solids, a gas may form

The next video shows a color change, and a precipitate!

Chemical or physical changes in matter includes a change in energy The ability to do work or cause change Always flows from hot to cold Temperature Thermal Energy The average energy from the random motion of matter particles The total energy of all the particles in an object Endothermic Change Exothermic Change Change in which energy is taken in Change in which energy is released

+ Law of Conservation of Mass All the atoms present at the start of a reaction are present at the end Matter cannot be created or destroyed In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products Matter can only be changed! Iron (6 atoms) Sulfur (6 atoms) Iron Sulfide (12 atoms) +

Section 4

The energy of matter in motion Kinetic Energy Potential Energy The energy of matter in motion The energy an object has because of its position Forms of Energy Electric Energy Chemical Energy Electromagnetic Energy Energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another Energy stored in chemical bonds Energy form that travels through space as waves Chemical energy may be changed to other forms of energy. Other forms of energy may also be changed to chemical energy!

Chapter 2 Notes Chemistry Matter has two kinds of properties Matter Substance Always has

Chapter 2 Notes Properties of Matter Physical property Chemical property Example Example

Chapter 2 Notes Element Elements are the simplest substance! Molecules When atoms combine Example Atoms

Chapter 2 Notes Compounds Chemical Formula Chemical Formula C O C O 2

Contrast Chapter 2 Notes Mixture Compounds- ____________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Mixtures- _______________________ _______________________________ Homogeneous Heterogeneous Examples

Weight Mass Relates to Units Formula Units Density Volume Formula Units

Physical Change Chemical Change Combustion Electrolysis Oxidation Tarnishing

Evidence for chemical Reactions, or changes Changes in Color Precipitate may form Evidence for chemical Reactions, or changes A gas may form

Energy Temperature Thermal Energy Endothermic Change Exothermic Change

__________________ __________________ __________________________ +

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Forms of Energy Electric Energy Chemical Energy Electromagnetic Energy ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________