Urban Theory

Burgess Model

Concentric Rings

Urban Transect

Hoyt Model

Central Business District (CBD) As land values increase towards the city centre buildings become higher. It is cheaper to build upwards than across Has the departmental shops, large offices, main railway and bus stations, many churches, pubs, clubs and cinemas and the town hall The main roads head into the C.B.D. C.B.D.s suffer from the worst traffic congestion

Inner-city Old factories and houses are mixed in together as they were built when most people walked to work Housing is usually terraced housing, in rows There are often empty buildings, derelict land, vandalism, crime, poverty, unemployment and other social and economic problems Recent changes have taken place in these areas; many high rise multi-storey residential blocks of flats have been built

Suburbs Younger buildings than in the middle of the city Cul-de-sacs (dead ends) slow down traffic to make the streets safer More detached and semi-detached houses; as the land is less expensive people have gardens Fewer factories than the inner city More open space and parks Many people travel from here to the city for work Less pollution than the centre of the city

Rural-Urban Fringe This is on the boundary of the town and country As towns and cities expand, more countryside is being used for housing Only possible as most houses now have at least one car There are also out-of-town shopping centres and supermarkets