CHAPTER 23 Industrialization and Nationalism Lesson 3 – Nationalism, Unification & Reform www.glscott.org

Both Germany & Italy are made up of many individual kingdoms & territories www.glscott.org

Italian Unification Piedmont – a few kingdoms united under King Victor Emmanuel II Giuseppe Garibaldi: a loyal nationalist raised an army called the Red Shirts Piedmont was a springboard for Italy's unification in 1859–1861, following earlier unsuccessful wars against the Austrian Empire in 1820–1821 and 1848–1849. This process is sometimes referred to as Piedmontisation However, the efforts were later countered by the efforts of rural farmers www.glscott.org

Italian Unification Camillo Cavour: was named Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel II He made many political & military moves to strengthen their position From 1851-1861 these three worked together to unite Italy As other provinces saw their goals & their strength, they joined together to form a new state of Italy with Victor Emmanuel II as king. Unification was completed in 1870, when the final territories were added & Rome was made the capital www.glscott.org

German Unification King William I – king of the strong state of Prussia Militarism – building up armies, troops & weapons in order to rely on military strength www.glscott.org

German Unification Otto Von Bismarck – appointed Prussia’s prime minister by King William I *He started several European wars to show their strength, including one with France (the Franco-Prussian War) Started the wars to unite German States under Prussia www.glscott.org

German Unification 2nd Reich: When the other German kingdoms saw the strength of Prussia, they agreed to unite to form the 2nd German Empire (1st was the Old Holy Roman Empire) www.glscott.org

German Unification During this time, other strong countries were bringing reforms which benefitted their people They had defeated France, now considered the strongest power in Europe www.glscott.org

Great Britain Allowed the middle class men to vote 2. Parliament was strengthened 3. Strong economy – wages rose 4. Queen Victoria – ruled from 1837 – 1901 brought stability & pride www.glscott.org

1886 British Empire www.glscott.org

France began to liberalize his regime He: – Napoleon III was an authoritarian ruler who began to liberalize his regime He: 1. Rebuilt Paris & made it more modern 2. Gave the legislature more power 3. Fell after the loss of the Franco-Prussian War www.glscott.org

Austria-Hungary Two states with their own constitutions 2. One monarch: Franz Joseph (emperor of Austria & King of Hungary) 3. Common: army, foreign policy & economic system www.glscott.org

Russia Was hopelessly behind other countries 2. 1861 – serfs were freed – now they can own property – but only often could only purchase the least productive land i.e. Russia was defeated in 1856 by Great Britain and France because Russia had not industrialized but Great Britain and France had This began Russia’s start of industrialization In 1905 Russia was defeated by the Japanese who had industrialized and this forced Russia to make it a priority to do it right www.glscott.org

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The United States Struggle b/t state gov’ts & federal government for power 2. Slavery was a divisive issue U.S. Civil War 1861-65 resulted in the abolition of slavery The wealthy men of the North invested in industry while the Wealthiest men of the South did not because they had slaves, no reason to invest in industry www.glscott.org