GREECE Essential Questions: What legacy did ancient Greece leave to later civilizations? What was the significance of Alexander the Great’s conquests?

Archaic Greece: 1650 BCE - 700 BCE

Bronze Age Greece

Minoan Civilization: Located on Crete (Palace at Knossos)

Famous Minoan frescos

The Minoans developed writing, used copper and bronze Shipbuilders Civilization collapsed around 1400 BCE

The Mycenaean Civilization Thrived from 1400-1200 BCE Were overtaken by the Dorians – Dark Age for Greece

Classical Greece: 700 BCE - 324 BCE

The Geography of Greece

Geography shapes Greek life Greek civilization formed around the Aegean, Ionian and Black Seas which were used for transportation Trade was important due to lack of natural resources and little fertile land Trade led to cultural adoption such as the alphabet Mountain terrain forced Greek communities to develop city-states (polis) each with its own government

SPARTA

Sparta Military state based on obedience and self-discipline Government was an Oligarchy – ruled by a small group of elites Conquered neighbors forcing them to be Helots (slaves)

ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

Athens Government - Direct Democracy City of Intellect Every freeman could vote (No women or slaves) Citizen Assembly City of Intellect

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian Wars: Famous Battles Marathon (490 BCE) 26 miles from Athens Thermopylae (480 BCE) 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass Salamis (480 BCE) Athenian navy victorious

Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE Pericles leader of Athens Athena -goddess and protector of Athens

Great Athenian Philosophers Socrates Socratic dialogue - question everything Plato The Republic  philosopher-king Aristotle Logic Scientific method

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

Athens: The Arts & Sciences Greek contributions: Drama & The Sciences: Comedies & Tragedies Pythagoras – Pythagorean Theorem Archimedes – Geometry, pulleys and levers Eratosthenes-Calculated the Earth’s circumference and declared it round

Art and Architecture The Parthenon

The Acropolis Today

Classical Greek Art “Idealistic” Sophocles Aphrodite

Olympia

The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

The Role of Women in Greece Athenian women were considered inferior and subject to their husbands will - could own clothes and slaves, but no land Spartan women had more freedom many were educated and received physical training

Peloponnesian Wars Fought between Athens and Sparta Sparta wins, but Greek city-states were weakened Allowing for conquest from the North (Phillip of Macedonia)

"Hellenistic" Age: 324 BCE - 100 BCE

Hellenistic Age Phillip of Macedonia Alexander the Great Unites the Greek city-states Assassinated and his son comes to power Alexander the Great Hellenistic culture – blending of Greek, Indian and Middle Eastern culture Art becomes more realistic and emotional

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great’s Empire

Alexander the Great