1. 1 March 2017 Goal – Review for tomorrow’s test
Please have out your study guides to be checked in.
Practice Review Quiz
Sparta/Athens
Discuss Study Guide
Any time left over? Kahoot
Homework – Study – Chapter 9 Test is tomorrow

3. Sparta or Athens? S A

4. Chapter 9 Study Guide Key
7th Grade World History

5. Vocabulary
Cavalry – a unit of soldiers who ride horses. The Persian empire was known for their use of cavalry, helping to make them so victorious in battle
Hellenistic – Greek-like - when a cultural idea is heavily influenced by Greek ideas (Example – cities of Alexandria created by Alexander.)
Alliance – agreement to work together – as in the Persian Wars

6. Vocabulary
Phalanx – A square fighting formation – commonly used by Alexander & Sparta
Satraps – governors in the Persian empire
Helots – Slaves in Sparta – made up majority of population & heavily relied upon
Parthenon – Great temple in Athens dedicated to the goddess Athena. Commissioned by Pericles after the Persian Wars.

7. People to Know
Cyrus the Great – Rebelled against the Medes to create the Persian Empire. Known for letting others keep their customs to help prevent rebellions
Darius I – Leader of the Persians when Greek mainland city-states sent help to the Ionian city- states. Leader during the Battle of Marathon

8. People to Know
Xerxes I – the son of Darius. Was the leader of the Persian Wars during the battles of Thermopylae, Salamis & Plataea. Set up his golden throne to watch the Battle of Salamis – which he lost, forcing him to retreat to Persia
Philip of Macedonia – Father of Alexander the Great. Conquered the Greek city-states.
Alexander the Great – Macedonian King – came to power after his father was murdered. Helped to create the largest empire in the world at that point. Never lost a battle. Died at age 32 from malaria.

9. People to Know
Plato – a student of Socrates. He was a philosopher – his student is Aristotle (the teacher of Alexander the great.)
Socrates – one of the best known philosophers – believed people must never stop thinking. Later is sentenced in Athens to death for “questioning the Gods?
Euclid – Created many geography rules still in use today

10. Battles of the Persian Wars
Battle of Marathon –
490 BCE
Cause - Persians want revenge for city-states helping the rebelling Ionian Greeks.
Athens asks Sparta for help – they said no due to a religious festival
Athens out numbered 2 to 1
Due to better weapons & plans – Athens wins!
Effect – Greeks feel pride & Persians will want revenge

11. Battles of the Persian Wars
Battle of Thermopylae –
Cause - Persians are seeking revenge for Battle of Marathon
Led by Xerxes – brings at least 250,000 men
This is led by the Spartans – hold them off at the narrow pass – until a traitor tells them away around the mountains
Spartans fight to their death
Persians win
Effect – Spartans march to Athens & burn it down & Greeks are motivated to fight back

12. Battles of the Persian Wars
Battle of Salamis –
Athenians had earlier built up their Navy
Athenian Themistocles wants to fight in the narrow straights
Tricks Xerxes into battle
Xerxes sets up gold throne to watch
Little Athenian ships destroy the large Persian ships because the large ships can’t maneuver
Win for Greece!
Effect - Xerxes must return to Persia

13. Battles of the Persian Wars
Battle of Plataea
Fought by a united Greek front and left over Persians
Greece Wins!
Effects
This ends the Persian Wars
Defeat humiliating for Persians, but not a major loss
Greeks save their homeland!

14. Short Answer
He is upset because the mainland Greeks helped out the revolting Ionian Greeks.
Darius and Xerxes were both Persian leaders that fought against the Greek city-states.
Soldiers
Spartan life revolved around the military. Everything that was done, was done for the good of the “state.” Focus was on obedience and structure.
Men had many more rights then women. More emphasis was placed on a “well rounded” education – for boys. Military service for 2 years.

15. Short Answer He died of malaria – a disease commonly from a mosquito
After Alexander died he left his empire to “the strongest”
It was split between 3 top generals
King of Macedonia/Greece
King of Syria
King of Egypt – Ptolemy
So many of Greek achievements are important because they are so long lasting and influence our art, architecture, philosophy, and government. (Western World)

16. A song to wrap it all up…. 