1. The Geography of Greece

2. Archaic
Greece:
1650 BCE BCE

3. Bronze Age Greece

4. Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

5. Knossos: Minoan Civilization

6. Minoan Civilization

7. The Mycenaean Civilization

8. Homer: The “Heroic Age”

9. The Mask of Agamemnon

10. "Hellenic"
(Classical)
Greece:
700 BCE BCE

11. ATHENS: 700’sbce-300’sbce

12. Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

13. Early Athenian Lawgivers
Draco First written code created around 621
“draconian”
Solon(archon in 594 B.C.)
Outlawed selling people into slavery to pay their debt
Divided citizens into 4 groups based on wealth: wealthiest 2 could hold office
Cleisthenes
created the first democracy

14. Athenian Society 3 class groups
Citizens: extended to all those born in Athens, only the men had political rights
Metics: born outside Athens, free and had to pay taxes but had no political rights and could not own land
Slaves: captured in war, together with metics made up more than half of Athenian society

15. Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

16. Persian Wars Marathon (490 BCE) 26 miles from Athens
The War begins: real vs Hollywood!
Marathon (490 BCE)
26 miles from Athens
Thermopylae (480 BCE)
300 Spartans at the mountain pass
Death of Leonidas
Salamis (480 BCE)
Athenian navy victorious
Final Victory: Battle of Plataea

17. Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE

18. The Delian League
Thasos
Lesbos
Delos
Naxos
Melos

19. The Age of Pericles
Not only did Pericles bring great changes to the government of Greece, he also brought great changes to the nature of art and progress of his time.
The great structures of Greece, The New Temple of Athena and the Parthenon among others, were built during his time. Not only did Pericles use these structures to change the face of Greek art and the cultural pulse of the nation but he also used them for political reasons as well.

20. Great Athenian Philosophers
Socrates
Know thyself!
question everything
only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.
Plato
The Academy
The world of the FORMS
The Republic  philosopher-king

21. Great Athenian Philosophers
Aristotle
The Lyceum
“Golden Mean” [everything in moderation].
Logic.
Scientific method.

22. Athens: The Arts & Sciences
DRAMA (tragedians):
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides THE SCIENCES:
Pythagoras
Democritus  all matter made up of small atoms.
Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”

23. Phidias’ Acropolis

24. The Acropolis Today

25. The Parthenon

26. The Agora

27. The Classical Greek “Ideal”

28. Olympia

29. The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

30. Olympia: Temple to Hera

31. The 2004 Olympics

32. SPARTA

33. SPARTA
Helots  Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

34. Spartan society 3 social groups
Equals: descended from the invaders, controlled Sparta
Half-citizens: free, paid taxes and served in the army but had no political power, some farmed but others worked in the city as traders or artisans
Helots: slaves, greatly outnumbered the other groups so Spartans used force to control them, in large part this is why Sparta became a military city-state

35. Spartan Government Two kings led Sparta A council of Elders
1 king handled military
1 king took care of domestic matters
A council of Elders
Made up of 28 male citizens over the age of 60
Proposed laws and served as a criminal court
An assembly
Included all male citizens over 30
Elected 5 ephors
Made sure the kings stayed within the law
Elected for a 1 year term
Controlled the education of Spartans

36. Peloponnesian Wars

38. Macedonia Under Philip II

39. "Hellenistic"
Greece:
324 BCE BCE

40. Alexander the Great

41. Alexander the Great’s Empire

42. Alexander the Great in Persia

43. The Hellenization of Asia

44. Pergamum: A Hellenistic City

45. The Economy of the Hellenistic World

46. Hellenistic Philosophers
Cynics  Diogenes
ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries.
citizens of the world.
live a humble, simple life.
Epicurians  Epicurus
avoid pain & seek pleasure.
all excess leads to pain!
politics should be avoided.

47. Hellenistic Philosophers
Stoics  Zeno
nature is the expansion of divine will.
concept of natural law.
get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found in great achievements.

48. Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Scientists / Mathematicians:
Aristarchus  heliocentric theory.
Euclid  geometry
Archimedes  pulley
Hellenistic Art:
More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic art.
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

49. The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire