Warm-Up #2(or 3) 11/28/11 Label the statement TRUE or FALSE 1) The entire process of Photosynthesis occurs only in the light. 2) The purpose of photosynthesis is to produce Oxygen and Glucose. 3) All organisms on earth depend on photosynthesis for energy. 4) Plants photosynthesis rates are effected by factors like temperature, rainfall, amount of sunlight. 5) Carnivorous plants (Venus Fly Trap) do not need to do photosynthesis. 6) Plants use the oxygen that they produce.

Photosynthesis Unit 5

What are we learning? Essential Question: Objectives: Would life on Earth exist without photosynthesis? Objectives: TSW differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Stages of Photosynthesis

Where does the energy come from? Comes from food Food comes from the SUN

Autotrophs/Heterotrophs - Are Producers Organism that MAKES their OWN food Use the SUN Heterotroph - Are Consumers Obtain energy from other living things

Chemical Energy and ATP Living things convert glucose to energy called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Consists of: Adenine 5-carbon sugar (ribose) 3 phosphate groups Phosphates are the key to storing and releasing energy

Storing Energy ADP—Adenosine Diphosphate ADP + P  ATP Only 2 phosphates When a cell stores energy it ADDS a PHOSPHATE!!! ( = stored energy) ADP + P  ATP

Releasing Energy Breaks the chemical bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphates ATP ADP + P + energy

Using Biochemical Energy Most cells only have a small amount of ATP Enough to last only for a few seconds Glucose stores 90 times the amount of chemical energy of ATP

Photosynthesis Big Picture: Process of converting solar energy into chemical energy Uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugars and oxygen Occurs in chloroplasts in leaves

Photosynthesis Equation

How Do Plants Capture Light? Photosynthesis requires light and chlorophyll (part of the chloroplast) Plants gather the sun’s energy with light absorbing molecules called pigments Main pigment is chlorophyll (a and b)

Pigments Absorb all the colors EXCEPT the ones you see Plants reflect green light (why they are green)

Inside a Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis Mainly in leaves Contain saclike membranes—thylakoids Stacks of thylakoids—grana Thylakoids organize proteins and pigments into photosystems

What’s this NADP Stuff? Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate NADP carries electrons produced by light reactions of photosynthesis Consumed in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis

2 Stages of Photosynthesis Light Dependent Light Independent / Calvin Cycle

Light-Dependent Reaction Requires LIGHT Uses energy from light to convert ADP to ATP to convert NADP+ to NADPH to split water which produces oxygen gas and H+

Light-Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle Does not require light Uses energy held by ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to make sugar—glucose, ADP and NADP+

Overview

H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP + P Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Sugars O2 Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Chloroplast Sugars O2

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Amount of Water Temperature Intensity of Light

Metabolism Memorization What comes out of photosynthesis must go into respiration What comes out we call the product What goes in we call reactants What comes out of photosynthesis must go in to respiration

What comes out of photosynthesis must go into respiration Glucose and Oxygen