1. Photosynthesis

2. CLICK HERE to and scroll to watch Photosynthesis Video

3. The process where light energy is converted into chemical energy
Photosynthesis
The process where light energy is converted into chemical energy

4. Photosynthesis
Autotrophs change light energy into chemical energy in the process of photosynthesis.
Plants use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbohydrates (sugars and starches)

5. Process of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by green plants
The is a type of autotrophic nutrition.
Photosynthesis is carried out by chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll
In the chloroplasts, CO2 and H2O are used to form C6H12O6 and O2

6. Process of Photosynthesis LABEL the reactants & products below
6 CO H2O  C6H12O O2
 = light energy trapped in the chloroplast makes this process happen

7. Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon water light energy sugar oxygen
dioxide (glucose)

8. Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon water light energy sugar oxygen
dioxide (glucose)
Requirements:
6CO2 – carbon dioxide is absorbed from the environment
6H2O – water absorbed from the environment
Energy – energy from the sun is trapped by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
Products/Wastes:
C6H12O6 – organic sugar (glucose) is stored in the plant
6O2 – oxygen is released as a waste product

9. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Water or Carbon dioxide (wax prevent water loss)
Temperature (0-35°C for enzymes)
Light intensity (min and max)
or water

10. Light and Pigments
Energy from the sun travels to Earth in the form of light of different wavelengths of the visible spectrum as different colors
Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments.

11. Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll in the chloroplast is the green pigment that captures light energy to carry out photosynthesis.
Oxygen is released through the leaves
Organic sugars made are used by the autotroph to grow/develop or stored as carbohydrates or lipids.

12. CLICK HERE to scroll and watch Light Reactions

13. Inside Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts
Thylakoids = saclike photosynthetic membranes containing chlorophyll and other pigments
Grana = stacks of thylakoids
Stroma = region (space) outside thylakoids

14. Light vs. Dark Reactions
Light-dependent reactions take place within the thylakoid membranes.
Light-independent reactions, or the Calvin cycle, take place in the stroma.

15. NADPH
High-energy electrons are transported from the chlorophyll by carrier molecules
NADP+ is one carrier molecule that carries two high-energy electrons with a hydrogen ion (H+) converting it into NADPH
The NADPH carries the electrons produced by light absorption in chlorophyll to chemical reactions throughout the cell.

16. CLICK HERE to scroll and watch Glycolysis

17. Light-dependent Reactions
Require LIGHT!
Use energy from light to produce oxygen and convert ADP & NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP & NADPH

18. Light-independent Reactions The Calvin Cycle
The Calvin cycle uses the energy from ATP & NADPH to make high-energy compounds that can store the energy longer (sugars)
Light independent reaction = does NOT require light