1. Photosynthesis
Pg 113

2.  What is essential to life?
Energy is essential to life.
All living organisms must be able to obtain energy from environment in which they live.

3. What are two types of feeders?
Autotrophs – can make their own energy from inorganic substances.
Heterotrophs – need energy from food.

4.  How do plants obtain this essential element?
Trapping light energy in sunlight and storing in chemical bonds.

5.  How do animals obtain this essential element?
By eating green plants.
In that way, animals obtain the energy stored in plants.

6. Name some cell processes that require energy?
Active Transport
Cell Division
Movement of Cilia and Flagella
Production, Transport, and Storage of Proteins

7.  Recall. Name the macromolecule that provides our cells with quickest source of energy.  
Carbohydrates
Sugars

8.  Define photosynthesis.
The process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars is called photosynthesis.
These simple sugars are then
converted into complex carbohydrates,
such as starches, which store energy.

9.  How many phases are there in the process of photosynthesis? 2

10.  Name Phase 1 Light-Dependent Reactions Describes what happens here.
Converts sunlight into chemical energy
(example: ATP molecules)

11.  Name Phase 2 Light-Independent Reactions or Calvin Cycle
Describes what happens here.
Uses ATP molecules to fuel the photosynthesis process to make simple sugars (glucose).

12. Name the 3 reactants needed for photosynthesis to occur.
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Water (H2O)
Sunlight

13.  Name the by-products of photosynthesis.
Oxygen (O2)
Sugars (glucose)

14.  Now, knowing the reactants and products, write the general equation for the process of photosynthesis.  
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2

15. Name the organelle (part of the cell) where photosynthesis occurs.
Chloroplast

16. What are some factors that affect photosynthesis?
Light Intensity
Carbon Dioxide Levels
Temperature

17.  Define ATP 
Adenosine
Triphosphate

18.  Forming and Breaking Down ATP
3 Types of energy molecules
Adenosine AMP Adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine ADP Adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine ATP Adenosine triphosphate
Takes a lot of energy to join together. Why? Has strong positive charge.
Who has the most energy? ATP P P P P P P P

20. The Light Dependent Reaction takes place in the thylakoid.
Pg 123
The Light Dependent Reaction takes place in the thylakoid.
The Light Independent Reaction or Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma.

21. Chloroplast Pigments
In the thylakoids there are several pigments including
Chlorophylls (reflect green light)
Carotenoids (reflect yellow, orange, and brown) – masked by chlorophylls except during the fall because chlorophylls are no longer working.

22. Light Dependent Reaction
BIG PICTURE: The pigments capture the light energy and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

23. Light Dependent Reaction
Pg 116
Light Dependent Reaction

24. Light Independent Reaction or Calvin Cycle
BIG PICTURE: Plants use the energy stored in ATP and NADPH to make sugars.