Map Skills

Lesson 1 Sphere- A round ball-the shape of the earth 3-D Orbit- the path of the earth around the sun Axis- An imaginary line that runs from north to south pole through the middle of the earth Hemisphere- half of a sphere. There are 4 North, South, East, West

Questions 1. In what two ways does the earth move? Rotates and Revolves 2. What causes the changes in the seasons? The tilt of the earth on it’s axis

3. In what ways is Aristotle correct in his ideas about the earth? Aristotle was correct in saying that the earth was a sphere. 4. What do we know about the earth that Aristotle did not know? That the earth is in constant motion

Lesson 2 Grid- A system that uses lines of longitude and latitude to find location Latitude – lines that run east and west on the globe that measure distances north and south of the equator Parallel – Another way to describe the lines of latitude that never intersect Longitude- Lines that run north and south on the globe that measure distances east and west of the prime meridian

Vocabulary continued Meridian Another term to describe the lines of longitude Prime Meridian The major line of longitude from which all other lines are measured. 0 degrees longitude International date line The point at which the day begins

Questions 1. What were Ptolemy's contributions to the study of geography? Ptolemy gave the first picture of the known world 3. What special meridians divide the world into eastern and western hemispheres? The Prime Meridian and the International Date Line

Questions 4. What are the 2 kinds of lines that form a grid that Ptolemy drew on his map? Lines of longitude and lines of latitude 5. Why are grids placed on a map? To find location

Vocabulary Odometer-A device used in measuring distance Scale-Shows the relationship between a model size and the actual size Elevation-The distance on land above sea level Altitude- The distance above sea level Contour Line- A way to show on a map the distance above sea level.

Questions 1.What was the reason for Ptolemy's mistake about the size of the earth? He had no way to know with the technology available to him 2. How did the Roman odometer work? It was a device with a wheel and a round stone. 3. What is the purpose of the map scale? To show true size in relation to model size 4. In what two ways can elevation be shown on a map? Color relief and contour line

Vocabulary Cartographer A person who makes maps Satellite An object that is made to travel around the earth

Questions How do photographs taken from directly above the earth surface help make better maps? Photographs have an exact degree on accuracy 2. How has exploration of space helped cartographers make better maps? It removes distortion by getting a look at the entire surface

Vocabulary Projection- A way to show a drawing of the earth on a flat surface Distortion A difference in what is true and what is perceived.

Questions Why do map makers have a problem making a flat map of the world? It is very difficult to create a flat model of a round object without distortion. 2. How has exploration of space helped cartographers make better maps? Satellite pictures give us a real photo and a true representation of the earth’s surface

Vocabulary Atlas - A book of maps Isthmus- A narrow strip of land that connects two larger land masses together Climate – Temperature and precipitation over time Humidity – The amount of moisture in the air. Precipitation – Water falling to the earth surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail Population Density – the amount of people living in a given area.

Questions Why is a collection of maps called an Atlas? Because in ancient times it was believed that the god Atlas held up the earth. What are the names of the four oceans? Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian 3. What are the names of the seven continents? North America, South America, Asia, Europe, Antarctica, Australia, Africa

Questions 4. What is the difference between an physical map and a political map? A physical map shows topographical features of the earth. A political map shows boundaries. 5. What kinds of maps can be found in an atlas? All types of maps. Political, physical, population, climatic

Vocabulary Anno Domini- In the year of our Lord Century- A term given for a 100 year period Decade- A term given for a 10 year period Circa- A term given for the words around or about Time line- A way of keeping important events recorded in time.

Questions What practice still used today was begun by Dionysius the Little? The practice of numbering years in relationship to the Birth of Christ. What century do we live in? 21st 3. What is the difference between a century and a decade? A century is 100 years a decade is 10 years