Recombinant DNA Technology Section 13.2

Cloning A clone is a genetically identical copy. “Dolly” first cloned in 1997. Remove the nucleus of a donor egg. Replace it with the nucleus of a desired organism. Implant in a surrogate mother

Recombinant DNA Made by combining DNA from two or more different sources. What makes this possible? McGraw Hill Animation

How to get rDNA Restriction enzymes: naturally occurring enzymes in bacteria that “cut” DNA like a scissors leaving “sticky ends” If the same enzyme is used on the two DNA sources, the two pieces will have matching sticky ends and will join.

Transfer of rDNA into Cells Vectors: carries DNA into the host cell. Ex. viruses, plasmids, micropipette, gene gun

Transgenic Animals Animals that carry genes from other species. What is the goal? Better quality milk, wool, meat, quicker maturity, disease resistance Pharmaceutical factories – hormones, blood clotting factors

Transgenic Plants Results: better taste and/or nutrition, reduced allergies, stay fresh longer, disease and insect resistance, higher yield

Gene Therapy Insertion of normal genes into human cells to correct genetic disorders. The cells that receive the new gene need to be the ones that multiply for the change to become permanent. 1st choice: Stem cells. Ex. Cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anemia, hemophilia, cancer, heart disease, AIDS

DNA Fingerprinting Cut the known DNA sample with restriction enzymes. Use the same restriction enzymes to cut the unknown DNA sample. Run the pieces through gel electrophoresis and compare banding patterns.

PCR- Polymerase Chain Reaction used to multiply pieces of DNA Ancient humans, fossils

Stem Cells Unspecialized cells that continually reproduce themselves Adults have tiny numbers of them; Early embryos have many which can give rise to any type of body cell. Uses: organ replacement, repair for diabetes, Parkinson’s etc.

Bioethics All of these techniques involve ethical issues.

60 MINUTES Patenting Genes

60 Minutes Patenting Genes http://www.ted.com/talks/paul_root_wolpe_it_s_time_to_question_bio_engineering.html