Bell Ringer What is a monarch? How much power did monarchs have during the early Middle Ages? Why was the Church important?

The High and Late Middle Ages (1050-1450) Royal Power Grows

Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church Here’s where we were: Nobles and Church had equal power to Monarch Fiercely guarded their positions Hold courts Collect taxes Raise armies

Balance of Power Shifts (1000-1300) In Feudal society, who would be responsible for administering punishments and hearing crimes?

Balance of Power Shifts (1000-1300) Monarchs expand power Royal justice Is this a good thing?

Balance of Power Shifts (1000-1300) Monarchs expand power Royal justice Organized government bureaucracies Tax systems Standing armies

Balance of Power Shifts (1000-1300) Appealed directly to middle class Brought: Peace Unity Larger trade

English Kings Gain Power 400s-500s: Angles and Saxons conquered Roman colony 800s: Unified English kingdom emerged 1066: King Edward died without heir Power Struggle Harold vs. William

English Kings Gain Power Harold (brother-in-law) Familial rights Crowned king William (Duke of Normandy) Backed by Pope and raised army Qualified

English Kings Gain Power William Duke at age 7 Constantly in danger 4 guardians murdered Knighted at 15 Helped Henry of France crush rebellions Led army at age 20 against cousin

English Kings Gain Power William and Norman Knights Battle of Hastings Defeated Harold

English Kings Gain Power William the Conqueror King of England: 1066 Made several changes

English Kings Gain Power Changes gave more power to kings Kept large amount of land instead of dividing it into fiefs Monitored where castles are built Vassals must swear first allegiance to him Efficient tax collection system Domesday Book: 1086 Royal exchequer

English Kings Gain Power 1154: King Henry II gets the throne Expanded customs into laws Developed new legal system Traveling justices to enforce royal laws English Common Law: legal system based on custom and court rulings Disputes are taken to royal justice Early jury system

English Kings Gain Power Jury “A group of men sworn to speak truth” Determined cases that should be brought to trial Later became 12 neighbors of accused person

English Kings Gain Power Henry and the Clergy Claimed right to try clergy in court Servants of the court Archbishop of Canterbury murdered

King John… Just Yuck Clash over taxes and royal authority Son of Henry II Shouldn’t be trusted! Cruel and corrupt Clashed with 3 powerful enemies

King John… You Can’t Win Them All (but some would be nice) King Philip II of France Pope Innocent III English Nobles

King John… You Can’t Win Them All (but some would be nice) King Philip II of France War Lost territory in France that had been part of the English kingdom since William (200 years) Including Normandy Pope Innocent III English Nobles

King John… You Can’t Win Them All (but some would be nice) King Philip II of France Pope Innocent III New archbishop selection process John rejected nominee Interdict (papal order) banned all of England Excommunication England is fief of the Church English Nobles

King John… You Can’t Win Them All (but some would be nice) King Philip II of France Pope Innocent III English Nobles King John issued oppressive taxes, abused power Barons forced him to sign the Magna Carta

Magna Carta Two Important Ideas: Nobles had certain natural rights Eventually expanded to all English citizens Monarch is required to obey the law

Magna Carta Does some other things too! Townsfolk and Church have legal rights Freemen can’t be arrested for no reason No imprisonment without cause Due process of law formed (legality) Habeas Corpus: “Bring the Body”

Magna Carta King can no longer raise taxes Must consult nobles Inspiration for American Revolution