The Industrial Revolution Robert Gearhart Gallup McKinley County Schools

The Industrial Revolution Definitions Revolution – Change Political, Social Industrial Revolution - The change from an agricultural society in which goods are produced by hand to an industrial society in which goods are produced by machine. Began in England by 1750

Factors of Production Labor Supply Natural Resources Investment Capital Entrepreneurs Transportation System Markets

Inventions and Inventors Flying Shuttle Invented in 1733 by John Kay. Sped up the weaving of cloth.

Spinning Jenny Created by James Hargreaves in the 1760s. Made it possible to turn out thread faster

Water Frame Invented by Richard Arkwright in 1769. Use water to power a spinning machine.

Power Loom Invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785. Use water to power a loom.

Steam Engine Perfected by James Watt in 1769. By 1800, powered most factories.

America’s Contribution Samuel Slater-First American cotton yarn factory, December 1790. Eli Whitney Division of Labor Interchangeable Parts Samuel Colt

Industrial Revolution Life in English Factories: Document Analysis

English Factory System First adopted in England in the 1750s, as a method for manufacturing Involved mass producing goods by machines usually run by water or steam Featured low and unskilled workers running machines, or moving materials Lowered costs of goods Image Citation: (Edward Baines, History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain [Fisher, Fisher and Jackson, London, 1835], 239); http://www.trentonhistory.org/Documents/EagleFactory.html Power Looms in English Cotton Mill (circa 1830)

Factory Reform Legislation Between 1800 and 1850, Parliament passed a series of laws to regulate factory work. Many of these laws focused on protecting children working in factories, and set limits on the amount of hours that children could work in factories. The Factory Act of 1850, for example, limited the weekly hours that children could work to 60 and daily hours to 10.5. Cartoon by Robert Cruikshank: English Factory Slaves, early 19th century http://images.wellcome.ac.uk:80/indexplus/image/L0010118.html Political Cartoon: “English Factory Slaves.” Robert Cruikshank

Factory Reform Legislation Throughout this period, several commissions investigated working conditions in factories. Politicians, academics, doctors, and other public figures wrote books, pamphlets, speeches, and newspaper articles in support of or against regulating the country’s growing factory system.

Central Historical Question Were textile factories bad for the health of English workers?