1. Warm Up
What are the 3 “factors of production” or Goldilocks conditions that made England the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution? Explain each.

2. Social impacts of industrial revolution

3. Factory Production

4. Factories and growth of cities
Most factories were built close to energy sources
Water
Coal
Industrial centers emerge

5. Factory Production
Concentrates production in one place [materials, labor].
Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets].
Requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, etc.] more than skilled labor.

6. Textile Factory Workers in England

7. Factory System Rigid schedule. 12-14 hour day, 6 days a week
Dangerous conditions. No laws to protect workers
Mind-numbing monotony.

10. Urbanization

11. Rise of cities Industrial Revolution gave rise to urbanization
Rapid growth of cities
Number of European cities with populations 100,000+ more than doubled between

12. Life in the big city Overcrowded Lack of sanitation Lack of education
Lower life expectancy in the slums
We will explore the conditions more tomorrow…

16. Life in English Factories

17. English Factory System
First adopted in England in the 1750s, as a method for manufacturing
Involved mass producing goods by machines usually run by water or steam
Featured low and unskilled workers running machines, or moving materials
Lowered costs of goods

18. Factory Reform Legislation
Between 1800 and 1850, Parliament passed a series of laws to regulate factory work.
Many of these laws focused on protecting children working in factories, and set limits on the amount of hours that children could work in factories.
The Factory Act of 1850, for example, limited the weekly hours that children could work to 60 and daily hours to

19. Factory Reform Legislation
Throughout this period, several commissions investigated working conditions in factories.
Politicians, academics, doctors, and other public figures wrote books, pamphlets, speeches, and newspaper articles in support of or against regulating the country’s growing factory system.

20. Central Historical Question
Were textile factories bad for the health of English workers?