Chapter 11, The Opposing Sides THE CIVIL WAR Chapter 11, The Opposing Sides Northern Advantages Southern Disadvantages Population was twice as large – more soldier. Had more industries (80%) Produced 90% of pig iron used to make weapons Almost all of firearms/gun- powder/ammo made in N. Controlled national treasury & collected tariffs. Northern banks loaned money to fed. Gov. by buying bonds. 1/3 of population slaves – less soldiers. Had to set up armories/foundries to produce weapons/gunpowder/ ammo. Only one RR line to move food & supplies. Southern planters & banks could not buy bonds. The Union Navy blockaded So. ports which limited collecting tariffs. South forced to print its own paper money – caused inflation

PARTY POLITICS in the NORTH Chapter 11, Sec 1 PARTY POLITICS in the NORTH 1. War Democrats – supported the Civil War & restoring the Union. Opposed ending slavery. 2. Peace Democrats – (Copperheads) opposed the war and wanted to reunite the states by using negotiation. 3. Conscription – drafting people for military service. Caused riots. 4. Militia Law – Lincoln suspended habeas corpus

WEAK Southern Government Chapter 11, Sec 1 WEAK Southern Government 1. President Davis was limited by states’ rights in conducting the war. 2. Many Southerners objected to being forced to serve in the army. 3. They did not like new taxes.

Chapter 11, Sec 1 QUESTION: Who did the South want to help them? The British Navy QUESTION: So what did the South do to get them to help? They stopped selling cotton to France & Great Britain to pressure them.

THE CIVIL WAR THE FIRST “MODERN WAR” 1. New cone-shaped bullets – more accurate, could be loaded and fired faster. 2. Trenches & barricades were used to protect them. 3. ATTRITION – wearing down of one side by the other. 4. The South used a defensive tactic so that large numbers of men were not killed trying to charge the enemy.

Chapter 11, Sec 1 ANACONDA PLAN The Union strategy was proposed by Gen. Winfield Scott. Called for a blockade of Confederate ports and sending gunboats down the Mississippi to divide the Confederacy.

The Anaconda Plan

Chapter 11, Sec 2 The Early Stages The First Battle of Bull Run – South won Union blockade – South used blockade runners to smuggle supplies. Confederate Ships – Alabama & Florida Admiral Farragut (North) helped take New Orleans, the South’s largest city in 1862.

Chapter 11, Sec 2 THE WEST Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (Union) – seized Fort Henry ( South’s main fort on the Tennessee River); then Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River. This gave the Union all of KY and most of western TN. SHILOH – Gen. Grant forced the South to retreat. 20,000 casualties.

Chapter 11, Sec 2 Gen. Braxton Bragg took Confederate troops to KY to lure the Union armies, but Union commander Gen. Buell stopped them at Perryville. Then, Gen. Buell cut the RR lines at Chattanooga, TN. Lincoln fired Buell and replaced him with Gen. Rosecrans who made the Confederates retreat at Murphreesboro, TN.

Chapter 11, Sec 2 THE EAST Gen. McDowell was replaced by Gen. George B. McClellan in the east. He was too cautious & could not make decisions quickly. Confederate Gen. Johnston was wounded in the Union conflict to take Richmond, VA. Gen. Robert E. Lee replaced him & caused the North to retreat. N. & S. together lost 30,000 troops. Second Battle of Bull Run – Gen. Lee forced the North to retreat & was within 20 mi. of Washington. He began an invasion of the North.

Chapter 11, Sec 2 QUESTION: Why did Gen. Lee decide to invade Maryland? 1. Only an invasion of the North would make the North accept the South’s independence. 2. A victory on N. soil might convince the British to support them & help the Peace Democrats gain control in Congress during next election. 3. Lee could feed his troops from Northern farms & draw Union troops out of VA during harvest season.

Chapter 11, Sec 2 The Battle of Antietam – the bloodiest one-day battle of the war & in American history. 6,000 killed & 16,000 wounded. Lee retreats. Union wins! NOTE: Lee’s defeat kept Britain from supporting the South & made Lincoln issue The Emancipation Proclamation.

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION Chapter 11, Sec 2 THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION Lincoln’s primary purpose was to save the Union!! He had said that if the Union could drive Confederate forces off of Union soil, he would issue proclamation ending slavery. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? decree freeing all enslaved persons in states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863. QUESTION: Could Pres. Lincoln actually free the slaves in the Confederate states?

LIFE DURING THE CIVIL WAR Chapter 11, Sec 3 LIFE DURING THE CIVIL WAR Battlefield Nurses Raised Money Women’s Contributions during The Civil War Managed farms and businesses Volunteered