Ch. 1 Sec. 3 Early British Colonies 11.3.1

A. The British Colony of Jamestown (1607) 1. Colonists were more interested in riches than farming. -- The colonist problems soon included: * infected water leading to disease. * hunger and starvation. * Powhatan’s Natives growing hostile. -- Jamestown was saved by the arrival of new colonists and the planting of tobacco as a cash crop.

Jamestown

Jamestown

Early British COlonies 2. Most new colonists arriving to the New World fell into 2 categories: * People paying for their own trip to America & receiving land on their arrival * Indentured Servants - people served 4-7 years in crop fields for passage to America & food/shelter on arrival.

Jamestown Settlers

Jamestown Indentured Servants

Early British Colonies 3. First Africans arrived in 1619. Systemic slavery started decades later. -- The English population grows while Native Americans are driven away or killed.

B. Puritans (Pilgrims) seek religious freedom 1. Plymouth plantation founded in 1620. * Migration grows to over 20,000 in 20 years. * Massachusetts Bay colony is formed and John Winthrop becomes its first governor.

Plymouth on the Map

Puritans seek religious freedom 2. Puritans seek to create “A City on a Hill” -- Puritans wanted to be examples of a godly community to the world by: * Allowing all male church members to vote * Combining government and church * Outlawing swearing, theft and laziness

“A City on a Hill”

Puritans seek religious freedom 3. Chief Metacom, referred to as King Phillip by the English, leads a Native alliance against the Puritans in (1675). -- 1 year later, food shortages, disease & high causalities wore down the Native alliance & it was defeated.

King Phillip

C. The Dutch Colony of New Amsterdam (1625) 1. New Amsterdam focus is on trade, not on conquering Native’s land * In 1644, English conquered it from the Dutch and renamed it New York

New York

The Dutch Colony of New Amsterdam (1625) 2. William Penn establishes a colony and does the following: * gives land and vote to all adult males. * deals with natives fairly. * gives citizens freedom of religion.

William Penn

D. Characteristics of England and Colonial Trade England passes laws that ensure that England profits from all trade. England appointed governor in colonies but the citizen assembly passed laws Colonies began to develop economic power and self-government

Colonial Triangle

Characteristics of England and Colonial Trade The South developed a rural self-sufficient society with a Plantation economy -- Plantations primarily raised one crop for sale * Most people were farmers but plantations controlled the South’s economy -- Southern women could not vote, preach or own land.

Plantation

Characteristics of England and Colonial Trade 2. Plantation owners turned to enslaved Africans for labor as the indentured servants entering America slowed -- In 1690 there were 13,000 slaves, but by 1750 there were over 200,000 slaves in America

Plantation Slaves

Characteristics of England and Colonial Trade 3. Characteristics of the growth of industry in the North * Production of iron, the sawing of lumber, and ports busy with trade. * Immigrants flocked to Northern colonies due to its job opportunities. * Farming in the North included variety & required little labor to harvest.

Trade Triangle