APK: Change Directions: Answer the question on a separate sheet of paper. Give details and explanations to support your idea. What is one societal issue (problem) that you feel need to be reformed (change).

Renaissance and Reform: trying to Improve Society

The Second Great Awakening Commitment to organized religion was weakening, immoral 1800s, religious leaders organize to revive American commitment to religion Leads to social reforms

Charles Finney The Message Individuals must readmit God and Christ into their daily lives grace through faith Spread through revivals Used evangelical (strong emotions) style for sermons advocate of Second Great Awakening Everybody had the capacity for spiritual rebirth and salvation Founded modern revivalism

New Religious Groups Unitarians: see God as a unity not a trinity Mormons “aka” Church of Jesus Christ of Later-day Saints Founded by Joseph Smith, 1830 Published The Book of Mormon Brigham Young became the leader and they moved to Utah because they were being persecuted for their religion Unitarians: see God as a unity not a trinity Liberal

Utopian Communities society tended to corrupt human nature Way to a better life was to separate themselves from society and form their own utopia, or ideal society Cooperative living and the absence of private property Brook Farm, New Harmony, and The Shakers were examples of Utopian Communities

Transcendentalism Transcendentalism: New England, new way of looking at humanity, nature and God…could transcend (go beyond) their senses to learn about the world Romanticism: stressed the value of beauty, emotion, and imagination Inspired by nature

Transcendentalists Ralph Waldo Emerson: Almost religious about nature Wanted people to be self-reliant Henry David Thoreau: lived out the transcendentalism theory by living away from others for 2 years Chronicled in his book Walden wrote Civil Disobedience after being jailed for not paying taxes to support Mexican-American War Be true to yourself even if it breaks the law Impacted MLK and Gandhi

Hudson River School of Artists Group of romantic landscape painters Paintings of Hudson River Valley, romantic Country sides Frontier life American subjects Show a spiritual feeling of nature

Educational Reform Government funded public schools Wanted their citizens/voters to be well educated and informed Movement was led by Horace Mann Pushed for school to be a legal requirement

Prison Reform states began building better facilities for the imprisoned and the mentally ill Dorothea Dix: Influenced states to enact prison reforms and created special institutions for the mentally ill Mentally ill were previously housed with criminals Rehabilitation: correct or rid the criminals of their bad behavior Prison should do more than punish

The Temperance Movement Reformers believed that alcohol caused crime, poverty and sickness Push for Temperance (drinking in moderation) some for Prohibition (banning alcohol) Women were biggest supporters American Temperance Union Pushed for laws to prohibit the sale of liquor Lowered the alcohol percent content

The Women’s Movement Compared their condition to slavery Women enter the workplace Created economic and social independence Begin to work for more rights and opportunities by starting the Women’s Movement

Seneca Falls Convention First Women’s Right Convention Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Convention issued a “Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions”: Modeled after the Declaration of Ind. “all men and women are created equal” women focus on earning the right to vote unofficial beginning of the women's suffrage struggle led by Susan B. Anthony

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions “We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon the institution of a new government…”

The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her … Now, in view of this entire disfranchisement …we insist that they have immediate admission to all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of these United States.