Agenda diēs Martis, a.d. iii Id. Sept. A.D. MMXVIII HW Check: binder set up, list 1 derivatives Book Distribution Review List 1 Derivatives Latin Nouns: Characteristics and Terminology (cont’d.) 1st Declension Nouns Pensum: Worksheet 1 Study Vocab. List 1 Latin 1 Mr. Finnigan Boston Latin School

Three Characteristics of Latin Nouns every Latin noun has three characteristics, shown through the declension endings: CASE: indicates the use or grammatical function of the noun answers the question ‘what’s it doing?’ NUMBER: indicates singular (1) or plural (>1) answers the question ‘how many?’ GENDER: masculine, feminine, neuter Section 01 (Orange, 104) finished this

Characteristic 1: Case case indicates use (grammatical function) of a noun in a sentence English shows case by word order; Latin by word ending – these are called case endings There are 7 cases* in Latin: Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Vocative Locative *Note: the vocative and locative are not very common; NGDAcAb are the five major cases Section 02 (Yellow, 135) & Section 03 (Green, 101) finished this

Translating the Cases Since different cases represent different uses of a noun, we translate them using different words: Case Translate…

Translating the Cases Since different cases represent different uses of a noun, we translate them using different words: Case Translate… Nominative __________

Translating the Cases Since different cases represent different uses of a noun, we translate them using different words: Case Translate… Nominative __________ Genitive of __________

Translating the Cases Since different cases represent different uses of a noun, we translate them using different words: Case Translate… Nominative __________ Genitive of __________ Dative to/for __________

Translating the Cases Since different cases represent different uses of a noun, we translate them using different words: Case Translate… Nominative __________ Genitive of __________ Dative to/for __________ Accusative

Translating the Cases Since different cases represent different uses of a noun, we translate them using different words: Case Translate… Nominative __________ Genitive of __________ Dative to/for __________ Accusative Ablative* BWIOAF __________ *The Ablative Case is the ‘catch-all preposition case’: sometimes there will be a preposition in the Latin you can translate. If not, choose the best one for the context from by, with, in, on, at, from.

Translating the Cases when translating nouns, always make sure your translation reflects the case and number of the noun this information is in the ending Definite & Indefinite Articles Latin does NOT have words for the definite article (the) or the indefinite article (a/an) you must supply either “a/an” or “the” when translating How do you know whether to use “a/an” or “the”? whichever one makes more sense in context

Characteristic 2: Number number answers the question ‘how many?’ English shows number by changing the ending too in most cases (e.g. boy vs. boys, woman vs. women) there are two numbers: singular (SG): indicates 1 noun plural (PL): indicates >1 noun the change in number is reflected in the case ending

Characteristic 3: Gender there are three genders: masculine, feminine, neuter in English, gender of a noun is determined by sex words naming males are masculine words naming females are feminine words naming things are neuter gender of Latin, can sometimes be determined like in English, but there are a lot of exceptions: many words expressing things or abstract qualities are M/F, not N you need to memorize the gender of noun from its dictionary entry

Dictionary Entry of Latin Nouns there are FOUR parts of every noun’s dictionary entry: puella, puellae, f.: girl 1 2 3 4 Nominative Singular Genitive Singular Gender Meaning/Definition Section 01 (Orange, 104) here

Dictionary Entry of Latin Nouns puella, puellae, f.: girl 1 2 3 4 Nominative Singular Genitive Singular: ending tells you a noun’s declension dropping the ending gives you the noun’s stem Gender Definition

First Declension Nouns

First Declension Nouns Genitive SG ending AE indicates the noun belongs to the 1st declension 1st decl. nouns are (usually) easily recognized by the characteristic vowel A 1st declension nouns are overwhelmingly feminine in gender BUT there are some masculine 1st decl. nouns too; we call these 2PAINS nouns: Poēta/Pirāta, Agricola, Incola, Nauta, Scrība poet/pirate, farmer, inhabitant, sailor, scribe Finished with Section 02 (Yellow, 135)