Conflicts Over Land Chapter 12 Lesson 2 Essential Question: What are the consequences when cultures interact? Learning Goal: Students will be able to identify the Native Americans’ point of view about their removal to Indian Territory, assess the impact of the policy of removal of the Native Americans to Indian Territory, and describe the Seminoles’ response to to removal and how it differed from the responses of other Native American groups.

Removing Native Americans The main tribes in the southeast were known as the “Five Civilized Tribes” Cherokee Creek Chickasaw Choctaw Seminole Considered civilized because they had developed successful farming communities.

Removing Native Americans Some Americans did not believe in Native Americans having rights Many Americans wanted Natives moved west of the Mississippi River

The Indian Removal Act 1830: Jackson pushes the act through Congress Paid tribes to move west 1834: Congress established the Indian Territory Mostly in Oklahoma VIDEO

The Indian Removal Act Video Cherokee were forced out of Georgia Georgia laws kept whites and Indians from doing business and they wanted them removed US Supreme Court (Worcester v. Georgia) says Georgia cannot do this Jackson ignored the Supreme Court Cherokee were forced out of Georgia Video

The Indian Removal Act 1832: Sauk chief led a group back to Illinois to recapture their lands Illinois State militia gather a force of 4,500 Chased Sauk and Fox tribes to the Mississippi River where they slaughtered most of the Natives Americans on their way into present-day Iowa Black Hawk story

The Trail of Tears 1835: 500 Cherokee sign the Treaty of Echota Agreed to leave by 1838 The Cherokee Chief, Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster did not agree with the treaty, but it was approved 1838: 2,000 Cherokee moved west while 7,000 troops were sent to force the remaining Cherokee out of Georgia.

The Trail of Tears June-December 1838: Cherokee from NC, GA, AL, & TN all leave Most were not prepared for the forced removal Illness broke out in camps Around 2,000 Cherokee died Suffered with starvation, bad weather Caused the deaths of 2,000 more Cherokee About a quarter of the Cherokee population was dead at the end of relocation

The Trail of Tears

Exit Card: Describe the Indian Removal Act and why it was so controversial.

Seminole Wars Seminoles in Florida were the only tribe to successfully resist removal Osceola lead the fight to stay 1835: US Army arrives in Florida Lead by Major Francis Dade Dec. Army is attacked by Seminoles in Central Florida

Seminole Wars 1835-1842: War costs US $20 million and the lives of 1,500 Seminoles who were captured were moved west. 1858: Remaining Seminoles fled to the Everglades where the US would leave them alone

Life in the West for Native Americans Native Americans had given up more than 100 million acres of land They lived in organized reservations based on tribes in the Indian Territory Five Civilized Tribes developed their own constitutions and governments, farms and schools

Exit Card How did the Indian Removal Act affect the Five Civilized Tribes?