1. Chapter 12, Lesson 2
Conflict Over Land

2. Removing Native Americans
Many Native Americans remained in East as land was settled by whites
“Five Civilized Tribes” Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw peoples lived in GA, AL, MS, & FL
Many white settlers wanted federal gov’t to relocate: move to another place Native Americans west of MS River

3. Cherokee vs Georgia
1830, Pres Andrew Jackson gets Indian Removal Act to pass through Congress
Allowed Fed Gov’t to pay Nat Amer to move west to what’s now Oklahoma
Cherokee didn’t want to move but Georgia pressured them
Supreme Court ruled Cherokee didn’t have to move but Jackson ignored

4. Trail of Tears
1836, Senate approved the Treaty of New Echota, forcing Cherokee to give up all land by Only 500/17,000 Cherokee had signed
Pres Van Buren ordered the army to move rest of 15,000 Cherokee
June-Dec 1838, soldiers rounded up Cherokee in NC, GA, AL, TN
More than ¼ of all Cherokee died

5. Seminole Wars
In December 1835, troops led by Major Francis Dade who tried to remove Seminole were attacked
Only a few soldiers survived the Dade Massacre
: 3,000 Seminole and escaped slaves (Black Seminoles) fought 30,000 US soldiers
War cost US $20 million+

6. Life in the West
By 1842 most Native Americans lived in the west, had given up 100 million+ acres of land
Lived on organized reservations (“wasteland”) west of Mississippi River
Whites would eventually settle near reservations
Disputes over land continue today
President Andrew Jackson