Structure and Function Chapter 29 Plant Structure and Function

Three Types of Plant Cells Collenchyma Irregular cell walls Support in growing parts of plants Sclerenchyma Thick, rigid cell walls Support and strength Pits and shells Parenchyma Thin, Flexible Cube-shaped cells Photosynthesis Stores water and nutrients Healing Fleshy parts of fruit Plant with nonwoody stems

Dermal tissue system Epidermis- outside covering that provides protection Cuticle prevents water loss Stomata-allows gas exchange Produces Cork in woody stems

Ground Tissue system Support Stores water, sugar, and starch Contains many chloroplast for photosynthesis

Vascular tissue-xylem Transports water and nutrients from roots upward Types Tracheids Vessel elements

Vascular tissue-phloem Transports sugars throughout tht plant in any direction Example-sieve tube members

Meristem tissue system Lateral meristems-increase in diameter Vascular cambium Cork cambium-produces cork Apical meristems-increase in length

ORGANS-ROOTS FUNCTIONS Anchor plant in soil Absorb water/nutrients Store water and carbohydrates Name 2 environmental functions of roots.

Types of roots Taproot-central fleshy root Fibrous roots -branching root system Aeriel roots-climbing roots Prop roots-above ground roots that support tall plants

Root Structures Root cap-produces a slimy lubricant (??importance??) Root hairs-extensions that increase the absorption of water and nutrients

Structure of Roots

ORGANS-STEMS Types of stems Store nutrients Woody-support; strength Fleshy-store water; photosynthesis Succulents-water storage; photosynthesis Tubers-food storage Stolons-grow along surface to produce new plants Thorny-protection Store nutrients Transport nutrients and water support leaves for photosynthesis

Modified Stems

Stem structures Node-point where leaf attaches Bud-can develop into a new shoot system

Dicots-xylem and phloem in rings Monocot-scattered in xylem and phloem

Organ-Leaf Photosynthesis Protection Conserve water

Variety of leaves Tendrils- support climbing plants Spines-protection, reduce water loss Tubular-food traps (pitcher plant)

Leaf structures Veins-vascular tissue that extend into blade Stomata and cuticle Blade-site of photosynthesis Petiole-stalk that attaches leaf to stem

Leaf classification-blade Simple Compound leaf-divided into leaflets Doubly compounded-divided leaflets

Leaf classification-margins