1. Plants

2. Plant Organs Roots – Support a plant – Anchor it to the ground – Store food – Absorb water – Dissolve nutrients from soil Stems – Provide support – A transport system Water from roots to leaves Photosynthesis products from leaves to roots Leaves – Photosynthetic organ – Have adaptations to protect against drying out

3. Taproot Fibrous root MonocotDicot

4. Epidermis Root hairs Ground Tissue Stores Starch Vascular Tissue Xylem and Phloem Apical Meristem Root Cap

5. Uptake nutrients from the soil Active transport of dissolved nutrients Water movement by osmosis Water and dissolved minerals move into the vascular cylinder Root Pressure

6. A system that allows water to move out of soil and into plant Minerals are pumped by active transport (USES ATP) into vascular tissue More and more water follows the minerals by osmosis This produces a pressure on the roots because the roots don’t expand Water can’t leave the root because of the Casparian strip

7. STEMS They can grow above ground and below ground depending on the type of plant Produce leaves, branches, and flowers Hold leaves us to the sun Transport substances from root to leaf and leaf to root

8. Three tissue types – Dermal – Vascular – ground Nodes – Where leaves are attached Buds – Contain apical meristems That can produce new stems or leaves STEM A meristem Is a zone of undifferentiated cells where plant growth can take place

9. STEM GROWTH Primary Growth Makes the Plant grow longer Secondary Growth Makes the plant grow wider Rare in monocots Dicots can grow taller because of secondary growth

10. Leaves Leaf is usually flat and wide to maximize light absorption Is where photosynthesis occurs A simple leaf has a blade and a petiole VEIN

11. Leaf Tissues Dermal Tissue The top and bottom of the leaves are covered by an EPIDERMIS – Irregular shaped – Thick cell wall – Resists tearing Most leaves are covered by a WAXY CUTICLE – Water proof barrier – Limits water loss due to evaporation STOMATA – Small openings in the epidermis under the leaf that allow water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen to move in and out of the cell Leaves have a lot of surface area and need to protect against water loss

12. Leaf Tissues Vascular Tissue – Xylem and Phloem – Hollow tubes that run through the plant – Used to transport water and nutrient up and down the plant

13. Leaf Tissues Ground Tissue Mesophyll – Area between the veins on the leaf – Where photosynthesis occurs – Sugars produced in the mesophyll move to leaf veins – The sugars enter the phloem and are transported throughout the plant