1. Plant Structure and Function

2. Plant Cells The Ground Tissues: Parenchyma cells
Most flexible, thin walled cells
For storage, photosynthesis, gas exchange and protection
Spherical in shape
Found in leaves, green stems.

3. Collenchyma cells Elongated strands or cylinders
Support surrounding cells and tissue repair and replacement
Stringy strands in celery
Flexible and can stretch and bend without breaking

4. Sclerenchyma cells
Lack cytoplasm and other living components when mature
Provide support, are the thickest cells
Involved in transport of materials
These are the cells that make up “wood”

5. Plant tissues Meristematic tissue: Regions of rapidly dividing cells
Apical meristems: tips of roots and stems
Result in increase of length. Primary growth
Intercalary: found in one or more locations along the stem
So when you cut your grass it can grow from the tip again
Lateral: Increases root and stem diameters.
vascular cambium produces new transport cells
cork cambium tough cell walls to protect, the outer bark

7. Dermal tissue: Epidermis: outer layer forming waxy cuticle
Stomata – gas exchange
Trichomes – gives leaves a fuzzy appearance, protect
plant, can release a toxic substance and can help cool.
Root hairs- increase surface area for absorption.

8. Vascular tissues: Xylem: water conducting cells, contains
Vessel elements: tubular cells stacked end to end.
Tracheids: long cylinders with pitted ends.
Phloem: The main food-carrying tissue.
sieve tube members and companion cells

9. Roots and Stems Roots: Root cap: Protection
Epidermis, cortex (transport and storage), and pericycle.
Types of roots
taproot
Fibrous root
Modified root

10. Stems
Main function is to support plant leaves and reproductive structures as well as transport of water and dissolved substances.
growth comes from the apical meristem. Xylem and phloem growth causes the annual growth rings.
Types of stems
Tuber
Rhizome
Runner
Bulb
Corm