Chapter 16 Review United States History & Government Br. Siraj / Thursday, April 04, 2019 11th Grade Boys/Girls

Names & Terms Frederick Law Olmstead Daniel Burnham Landscape Architect who spearheaded the movement for planned urban parks and designed Central Park along with Calvert Vaux Landscape Architect who designed flatiron building and redesigned the city of Chicago with waterfront, civic center Louis Sullivan Skyscraper Architect who designed the Wainwright building of St. Louis. Tall multistoried building made possible by the steel frames and elevators.

Names & Terms Web-Printing George Eastman A printing method in which double-sided printing from a large role of paper could be made with automatic cutting, folding and counting. Inventor who invented the Kodak Camera. Orville and Wilbur Wright Two brothers who had their plane have the first flight in Kitty Hawk, NC.

Names & Terms W.E.B. Du Bois Niagara Movement Booker T. Washington African American Educator who believed that African Americans should have vocational education and uplift their economic status instead of demanding immediate racial equality. African American Civil Rights leader, first African-American Ph.D. from Harvard, demanded immediate end of racial discrimination and equal liberal arts educations for blacks. Niagara Movement Movement founded by Du Bois and his friends that advocated for equal liberal arts education for African Americans. Booker T. Washington Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute Vocational educational institute founded by Booker T. Washington for African Americans.

Ida B. Wells An annual tax required by the southern states to allow anyone to vote. African American educator, civil rights leaders and advocate against lynching. Grandfather Clause Jim Crow Laws A clause in some southern state constitutions that allowed voting right to those who failed literacy test or did not pay poll tax, if their grandfathers were eligible to vote before January 1, 1867 Laws passed by southern states after the reconstruction to ensure segregation between blacks and whites. Poll Tax

Plessey Vs. Ferguson Debt-peonage A Supreme Court case that established the principle of “separate but separate” and thus making segregation legal. Justice Henry Billings Brown gave the verdict that separation does not violate the equal rights provision so long as equal facility is provided. Debt-peonage A system that bound laborers into slavery in order to pay off a debt to the employer

Joseph Pulitzer Publisher of New York World, pioneered popular innovations like Sunday edition, comics, sports coverage, women’s news etc. William Randolph Hearst Publisher of New York Morning Journal and San Francisco Examiner, exaggerated stories….. Ashcan School: School of Art pioneered by Robert Henri which depicted gritty realism.

Rural Free Delivery (RFD) Mark Twain Samuel Longhorn Clemens, wrote popular realistic novels. Rural Free Delivery (RFD) A system of mail delivery by the USPS that brought packages directly to every home.

Answer the Following Questions What were the trends in education around the 1900s? What prevented greatest number of children from attending public high schools during the late 19th century? What was grandfather clause? How and why was it used? How did technology promote urban growth at the turn of the century? In what ways did methods of communication improve in the late 19th & early 20th centuries?

What did the American cities build during the late 1800s and early 1900s? What inventions were crucial in building skyscrapers? Where were the Mexican Americans employed in the southwest? What were some popular leisure activities at the turn of the century?

Extended Response Questions Describe the elements of Mass Culture and the main impacts of Mass Culture on American Society. Describe the main characteristics of educational systems at the turn of the century and the changes that took place in education. Describe the innovations and inventions of the late 19th and early 20th centuries that affected city life. Which southern policies kept African Americans from achieving full civil rights? Describe them.