Revolution: Industry and Transportation Factories Roads Railroads Canals Steamboats

Steamboats Transporting by the river was faster and cheaper but boats could only travel downstream because of their heavy cargo The steamboat was able to travel upstream First steam boat (Clermont) was invented by Robert Fulton

Canals Link farms to cities Erie Canal connected Northeast to West Expense goes from $100 to $4 Made NYC a commercial center

Railroads (“Iron Horses”) Idea brought back by Peter Cooper from Britain Helped settle the West Pulled heavier loads than horses

1st Industrial Revolution Technological developments changed manufacturing , culture, social life and politics Manufacturing shifted from hand tools to complex machines, unskilled labor Work is done in factories not the home Created a middle class…this is good

Samuel Slater Britain had strict laws prohibiting anyone from sharing their inventions with foreigners But in 1789, Samuel Slater came to America and constructed the British water frame from memory Used the water to power the textile mill Factories must be near water (Northeast region)

Francis Lowell Opened mills in Massachusetts where he introduced mass production of cotton cloth after touring Britain, not just making the thread Built residences for workers in Lowell, MA, strict rules for behavior Employed women (“Lowell girls”) until they got married

Interchangeable parts Invented by Eli Whitney Transformed gun making from a one-by-one process into a factory process by making all parts of one product the same This process will be used on other technologies to turn out large quantities Sewing machines invented by Elias Howe and perfected by Isaac Singer

Samuel F.B. Morse Invented the telegraph Developed the Morse code for sending messages (dots and dashes) Before messages would take as long as a horse took but after messages were almost instant

Immigration Industrialization drew millions of immigrants (Ireland and Germany) to cities in search of factory jobs Disliked by Americans because they were not Protestant and were prosperous Nativism: favoring native born Americans over immigrants

Farming Still dominated the American economy South relies on slave labor for cotton production (Cotton Kingdom) Steel plow by John Deere Mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick Cut and gather grain

Industrial Revolution Advertisements Pair Work Students will choose one of the following inventions for their advertisements: Cotton gin Telegraph Steamboat Steel plow Iron Horse Water Mill Mechanical Reaper Students must include the following in their advertisement: What it does How it will change things for the buyer Give credit to inventor Don’t be wordy Illustration and color