We have seen the first picture in a previous lesson We have seen the first picture in a previous lesson. Compare and contrast what you see and reflect on what each picture says about the times these pictures are depicting and what this also may say about the societies represented.

The Church and the Middle Ages Aim: How did the Catholic Church gain power during the Middle Ages? Do Now: Why do you believe the Church became so influential in the Middle Ages? Explain your answer.

The Church’s Power Grows * As Europe experienced a lack of a strong, central government, the feudal system provided some political stability. * The Catholic Church also provided stability during the Middle Ages. * The Church appealed to people of all social classes.

Church Structure v. Roman Empire Structure CATHOLIC CHURCH Clergy: religious officials The Pope was the head of the Catholic Church All clergy were under the authority of the pope Bishops supervised local parish priests Local priests had the greatest influence on most Europeans because they had the most contact with the people Canon = Church Law Religious ROMAN EMPIRE Not the Republic! The Emperor was the head of the Roman Empire Everyone was under his authority. Regional Governors ran the provinces. Generals and Centurions controlled the military. Imperial law = Everyone had to obey Roman law or pay the price. Secular = non-religious

The Church Helps Unify Europe The Church was a stable force that helped unify Europe The Church provided a sense of security and a community Religion played a central role in Europe and the lives of most Europeans Christians believed that God would reward them with salvation (heaven) Christians believed that they needed to participate in the sacraments to achieve salvation The Church also brought communities together People worshipped together, especially on religious holidays

The 7 Sacraments Priests and other religious officials administered the sacraments Baptism Reconciliation/Penance/Confession Eucharist Confirmation Marriage Holy Orders Last Rights/Anointing of the Sick

Church Justice The Church provided a unifying set of spiritual beliefs, ceremonies, rituals, Canon Law is the official law of the Catholic Church Excommunication: banishment from the Church (no sacraments = no heaven) Interdict: many sacraments and religious services could not be performed in a kingdom or region (excommunication on a large scale for a entire area!!!) Why?

The Catholic Church As the power of the Church grew, the Church began to play a political role in Europe This led to conflicts between the Church and the leaders of Europe

Otto I Otto I was influenced by Charlemagne He allied himself with the Church and used the clergy to help limit the power of the nobles Otto invaded Italy and helped end a threat to the pope In return, the pope crowned Otto emperor

The Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire Otto created a German-Italian empire that would eventually be called the Holy Roman empire It was the strongest state in Europe until 1100

Lay Investiture Lay investiture was the practice of kings and nobles appointing bishops Question: Why would the Church be against political leaders choosing bishops? Explain your answer.

Lay Investiture : A Funny Story In 1075, Pope Gregory VII banned the practice of lay investiture Henry IV sent a nasty letter to Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory excommunicated Henry IV Henry IV begged for forgiveness The pope lifted the excommunication

The Concordat of Worms In 1122, the Church and the Holy Roman emperor reached a compromise over the issue of lay investiture The Church gave bishops their spiritual authority (ring and staff) The emperor chose the location where the bishop would serve The emperor also had veto power

E.Q #3: How did the church’s structure in the 5th century reflect the structure of the Roman Empire? Pope = Emperor Bishops = regional governors Priests = Centurions Canon Law = Imperial Law

E.Q #4: How did the church’s status when Rome fell lead to its importance during the Middle Ages? church takes over basic functions of government (centralized authority, bureaucracy, judicial system, canon laws, etc.) power/ abuse of power

E.Q #5: How did secular and religious authorities balance power? spiritual power influenced temporal power (the government) the crowning of Charlemagne as Emperor of the Romans lay investiture controversy

NEXT: The Crusades