The Industrial Revolution Summary The Industrial Revolution, which took place from around 1750-1914, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 1700s, manufacturing was often done in people’s homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production.

Opener When did the Industrial Revolution take place? Where did the Industrial Revolution start? Name the three factors of production. Industrialization used what sort of technology to produce items faster? Where did the money in England come from to invest in industrialization? Define: Urbanization Middle Class

What is the Industrial Revolution? The process of mechanizing manufacturing Remember proto-industrialization? Began in the late 18th century in Great Britain Spread to the European Continent after the Napoleonic Wars Changes the economy, social structure, demographic patterns, and the way people lived.

Why Great Britain? The British Agricultural Revolution was the unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain due to increases in labor and land productivity between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries. Agricultural output grew faster than the population over the century to 1770, and thereafter productivity remained among the highest in the world. 

Why Great Britain? Agricultural Practice Crop Rotation: The system of varying successive crops in definite order on the same ground, especially to avoid depleting the soil and to control weeds, diseases, and pests. Nitrogen replenishing crops: allowed farmers to use fields year after year Selective Breeding: breeding animals for certain characteristics that are desirable New Technology: Seed drill, swamp draining Enclosure Large landowners began consolidating their farms, forcing smaller landowners to sell. Farmers then could limit grazing, breeding, and crop disease. This created a surplus of food

Why Great Britain? 2) More food… more people 3) Capital The Agricultural Revolution caused an increase in the food supply which contributed to the rapid growth of population in England and Wales 5.5 million in 1700 to over 9 million by 1801 (NYC today is 8.5) The rise in productivity accelerated the decline of the agricultural share of the labor force which pushed people into the urban workforce 3) Capital Remember the slave trade, colonization, and mercantilism? England had the money to invest and create entrepreneurs 4) Natural Resources Rivers (close to the sea, canals) Coal, Iron, Ore 5) Supply of Markets Mercantilism and colonization already provided England with a market for their goods

Why Britain? Railroads By 1840, Britain had 2,000 miles of railroads Less expensive, efficient transportation meant lower priced goods, larger markets, more factories, and more machinery

Capitalism and Entrepreneurs Adam Smith's book The Wealth of Nations, argued that the government should stay out of the way and let individuals make economic choices (laissez faire) Belief that the economy would benefit from competition, that those willing to take a risk (entrepreneurs) should reap the benefits. Problems? - only those with money, or access to money, could invest!

Entrepreneurs and Innovation in the Industrial Revolution Objective: Demonstrate your knowledge of the innovation of the Industrial Revolution Assignment: Get into groups of 3 Job 1 – cut out terms Job 2 – past terms in correct location Job 3 – research answers using textbook or internet Time allotted: 20 minutes

What did these inventions look like? Objective: To gain a better understanding of the impact of the inventions you just compiled Assignment: As you watch the video, add the appropriate, ACADEMIC INFORMATION, needed to describe the machines you researched today Resource Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntCVmHENyOA Time allotted: 20 minutes

Exit Slip Complete the following on a ½ sheet of paper; turn in when finished. 1) List and explain three causes of the Industrial Revolution. 2) Why did the Revolution happen in England and not in France or Italy? 3) Look at your inventors chart. Give your ranking of the TOP FIVE inventions of the industrial revolution and explain in COMPLETE SENTENCES why they are so important.