Chapter 23 – War and Revolution 1914-1919 Section 4 End of world war I

Peace at Last · At 11 a.m. on November 11, 1918, Germany agreed to the armistice, ending World War I.

Paris Peace Conference

. . . Palace of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles Laying the Groundwork Representatives from 27 countries attended the peace conference. Reps. from Germany and Russia were excluded The Big Four: David Lloyd George (Britain) Vittorio Orlando (Italy) George Clemenceau (France) Woodrow Wilson (USA) (Henry Cabot Lodge) France, Italy, and Great Britain wanted to punish Germany and demanded heavy reparations. They also made a secret agreement to divide up the German colonies. The Allies accepted Wilson’s Fourteen points as the basis for the peace negotiations

Oh Mr. Wilson…… “What we demand…is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression.” - Pres. Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s Plan for Peace President Wilson’s goals for peace after World War I, known as the Fourteen Points, included the following. · an end to secret agreements among nations · freedom of the seas, free trade, and a limit on arms · allow national groups self-determination – the right of each people to have their own nation. · formation of a League of Nations in order to protect the independence of all nations and settle international disputes

What Kind of Peace do we get? Peace of Justice What Wilson wanted Hoped to find a way to prevent further international crises Promoted ideals such as self-determination Wanted to create an international body of representatives from around the world Peace of Vengeance Wanted to make Germany pay for their actions France, Italy, and other nations wanted to protect themselves from any further aggression

Results of the Treaty of Versailles Article 227 – German Emperor Wilhelm II is to be tried as a war criminal Article 231 –”War Guilt Clause” Germany is held solely accountable and responsible for the war Reparations Article 231: 226 billion Reichsmarks ($31.4 billion in 1920; $442 billion in 2010) Rhineland Would be occupied by Allied troops for 15 yrs.

Results of the Treaty of Versailles Military Restrictions German Armed Forces will number no more than 100,000 with no conscription (draft) German Naval Forces will be limited to 15,000 men, 6 battleships, 12 destroyers, 6 cruisers, and NO submarines Blockades are prohibited

Results of the Treaty of Versailles Alsace-Lorraine: Returned to France Countries Created: Poland Czechoslovakia Finland Latvia Lithuania Ukraine Yugoslavia

Results of the Treaty of Versailles German Colonies: Divided between Belgium, the UK, France, & Japan Determined to never have any of these lands returned to Germany League of Nations Created, but becomes ineffective