1. The War Ends?

2. Russians leave war: U.S. Joins
Dec 1917: Bolsheviks rebel in Russia and take over
Russia signs a peace with Germany
Germans shift full attention to France
US helps to push Germans back
American Engineers at the Battle of Saint-Mihiel

3. Germany Collapses and the Aftermath
Nov. 3, 1918: Austria-Hungary surrenders
German troops rebel
 to exhausted to fight
Nov. 9 Socialist leaders seize Berlin and Kaiser gives up throne
Nov. 11 at 11pm armistice signed. World War I ends
22 million dead costing about $338 billion, 48K dead US and 200K wounded

4. Final Toll of War Involved 30 nations 26 million deaths
20 million wounded
10 million refugees
Estimated cost - $350 billion
22 million dead costing about $338 billion, 48K dead US and 200K wounded

5. Final Toll of War Mobilized Dead Wounded Missing/POW
Russia ,000, ,700, ,950, ,500,000
Germany ,000, ,773, ,216, ,152,800
Great Britain ,904, , ,090, ,652
France ,410, ,375, ,266, ,000
Austria-Hungary ,800, ,200, ,620, ,200,000
Italy ,615, , , ,000
US ,355, , , ,526
Turkey ,850, , , ,000
Bulgaria ,200, , , ,029
Japan ,
Romania , , , ,000
Serbia , , , ,958
Belgium , , , ,659
Greece , , , ,000
Portugal , , , ,318
Montenegro , , , ,000

6. Wilson’s 14 Points No secret treaties Freedom of the seas
Tariffs among nations should be lowered
Arms should be reduced
Colonial policies should consider the interests of colonial people
Provide for just and lasting peace around the world!!
Woodrow Wilson

7. Wilson Advocates Self-Determination for Each Country
“Every peace-loving nation should be able to live its own life, determine its own institutions, and be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other people of the world.”
The League of Nations

8. The Peace Conference Russia and Central Powers left out
Big 4 want to PUNISH Germany…
“Big Four”: Clemenceau- France George- Britain Orlando- Italy
The Big Four

9. Treaty of Versailles The Great Hall of Palace of Versailles (France)
June 28th, 1919
9 New nations (Poland, Czech., Yugoslavia)
Germany returns Alsace-Lorraine to France
Germany’s army reduced to 100,000
Germany pay $33 billion in war reparation
Germany sign war guilt clause

10. Weaknesses of the Treaty
Humiliated Germany – depression hits – rise of Adolf Hitler
Russia ignored
U.S. Refuses to join the League of Nations!!
Henry Cabot Lodge leads this protest

12. Consequences of the War
Anti-immigrant/radical sentiments increase
RED SCARE!!!
U.S. emerges as great industrial power
Political instability in Europe