3 Contents Chapter Your Changing Personality Section 1 Life’s Stages and Human Needs Section 2 Gender and Personality Section 3 Developing Self-Esteem Section 4 The Importance of Peer Groups

Fact or Fiction? Is this statement true or false? If you think it’s false, explain what is true. Human beings need the respect of others even more than they need shelter.

Content Vocabulary personality self-image psychology variables hierarchy needs self-actualization

Your personality is a large part of how people see the total “you,” on the outside. You are continually adapting your personality to fit the picture of your self-image. personality The characteristics of a person that are apparent to others self-image The characteristics that a person sees in himself or herself

Changes that occur in people’s lives can affect their personalities. 5

Erikson’s Eight Stages of Life Erikson’s theory divides the human life span into eight stages.

Erikson’s Eight Stages of Life In psychology, the pioneer thinker Erik Erikson has described how people become who they are through eight stages. psychology The scientific study of behavior and the mind 7

Erikson’s Eight Stages of Life The eight stages of life according to Erik Erikson: (turn to page 53) Infancy Toddler Preschool age School age Adolescence Young adulthood Adulthood Older adulthood 8

A Teen’s New Experiences People develop their identities and their ability to reason during the teen years. 9

A Teen’s New Experiences New Ways of Thinking In addition to new styles of fashion, music, and art, teens also develop new ways of thinking. Teens can consider variables and use logic to make predictions of what might happen. variables Changeable factors that affect outcomes

A Teen’s New Experiences New Emotions Feeling a variety of emotions is normal and helps lead to the development of an identity. Learning to cope with these emotions will help you move on to adult tasks with less difficulty. Self-doubt and a sense of failure will make adulthood difficult. 11

Human Needs According to Maslow Personality develops in stages throughout life. 12

Human Needs According to Maslow Abraham Maslow described life’s tasks as a hierarchy. This is much like a ladder of human needs that people of all ages experience at different times. hierarchy A ranking system in which each thing is placed above or below others. needs Urgent wants for necessary things 13

Human Needs According to Maslow A Ladder of Needs According to Maslow, people will first try to meet their basic needs before they can begin to think about “higher” needs. The ultimate need is self-actualization. self-actualization The realization of one’s full potential 14

Traits of Self-Actualization Human Needs According to Maslow Traits of Self-Actualization According to Maslow, self-actualized people share the following traits: Accept themselves and others, and accept imperfections. Are self-motivated, rather than externally motivated. Are problem solvers, rather than complainers. 16

Traits of Self-Actualization Human Needs According to Maslow Traits of Self-Actualization Self-actualized people also share these traits: Have a strong set of values by which they live, and are sensitive to ethical issues. Believe in the power of people, holding that most are basically good. Are at peace with themselves and their world. 17

Human Needs According to Maslow Service to Others To be helpful fills a need to feel important and to be appreciated by others. Performing needed service to others helps develop identity. 18

Human Needs According to Maslow A Lifetime of Needs No one ever arrives at the point of being completely finished with any level of needs. As soon as one need is met, another takes its place. 19

Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary Define self-actualization. self-actualization The realization of one’s full potential

Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary Define variables. variables Changeable factors that affect outcomes