1. Unit 1 The Study of Children
Child Development
Unit 1
The Study of Children
Magnet Cove H.S.

2. 1.1 Match terms related to the study of children
the period of great growth and change between
childhood and adulthood
1. adolescence -
2. child development -
3. emotional development -
4. environment -
5. Freud, Sigmund -
6. heredity -
7. individual life cycle -
the study of how children grow and
change physically, intellectually,
emotionally, socially and morally
a developmental process that
refers to the ability to experience,
express, and control emotions
a person’s surroundings and everything in them,
including both human and non-human factors
Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states
that a person's early emotional experiences
affect adult life profoundly
the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from
his or her parents at birth.
a series of stages a person passes
through during his or her lifetime.

3. unit 1 terms continued
8. infancy -
9. intellectual development -
10. Montessori, Maria –
11. Montessori School-
12. moral development –
13. observation –
period of childhood from birth up to one year
a developmental process that
refers to the growth of the brain
and the use of mental skills
Italian educator whose theory states
children learn best through their senses
pursuing their own interests at their own
rate
a school providing children freedom within
limits by a rather structured approach, and
a fixed method in which materials are
presented
developmental process that refers to the
ability to know right from wrong
an act of recognizing and recording behavior.

4. a developmental process that refers
unit 1 terms continued
a developmental process that refers
to the physical growth of a person’s
body
14. physical development –
15. Piaget, Jean-
16. preschooler-
17. school age-
18. social development-
19. theory-
20. toddler-
the first to study children in a scientific way;
he said that children go through four stages of
thinking and should be given learning tasks
suitable for each stage
period of childhood from three to five years of age
a child old enough to attend school. Ages 5-12.
a developmental process that refers to the
way people relate to others around them
a scientifically acceptable principle followed as the basis
of action
period of childhood from one to three years of age

5. 1.2 State characteristics of development
Development is similar for everyone.
Children go through the same stages in the same order.
Development builds on earlier learning.
Development follows a step-by-step pattern.
Development proceeds at an individual rate
The rate of growth differs from one child to another.
The different areas of development are interrelated.
Changes in many areas are taking place at the same time.
Development is continuous throughout life.
The rate of development changes, but never stops.

6. 1.3 Name reasons for studying child development
1. to understand children
2. to gain skills
3. to build for the future
4. to understand yourself

7. 1.4 Identify 5 basic areas of child development
emotional development (a developmental process that refers to the ability to experience, express, and control emotions)
intellectual development (a developmental process that refers to the growth of the brain and the use of mental skills)
moral development (developmental process that refers to the ability to know right from wrong)
physical development (a developmental process that refers to the physical growth of a person’s body)
social development (a developmental process that refers to the way people relate to others around them)

8. infant - birth to one year toddler - 1 to 3 years
1.5 Match stages in the individual life cycle with the correct age range
infant - birth to one year
toddler - 1 to 3 years
preschooler - 3 to 5 years
school age - 5 to 12 years
adolescence -childhood to adulthood

9. 1.6 Describe influences of heredity and environment
Heredity is the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from his or her parents at birth.
eye color and shape
Environment includes a person’s surroundings and everything in them, including both human and non-human factors.
family and friends
home and community
life experiences

10. 1.7 Designate guidelines for observing children
1. blend into the background
2. don’t ask questions
3. record facts, not feelings
4. take action if necessary

11. 1.8 Describe theories related to child development
Sigmund Freud - Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states that a person's early emotional experiences affect adult life profoundly
Id is the source of psychological and physical tension that does not think or reason.
Ego is the part of the personality that deals with logic and controlled behavior.
Superego is a persons moral code.

12. Maria Montessori - Italian educator whose theory states children learn best thought their senses pursuing their own interests at their own rate
Responsible for the development of the
Montessori School. (a school providing children freedom within limits
by a rather structured approach,
and a fixed method in which
materials are presented)

13. Formal Operational-the ability to think through complex problems
Jean Piaget - the first to study children in a scientific way; he said that children go thought four stages of thinking and should be given learning tasks suitable for each stage
Sensorimotor Stage-children learn about the world through their senses and body movement
Preoperational Stage-children learn mostly by using language and mental images
Concrete Operational-children learn to solve more complex problems and use basic knowledge
Formal Operational-the ability to think through complex problems

14. Erik Erickson-studied social and emotional development over the lifespan
Stage I Trust vs. Mistrust
Stage II Autonomy (independence) vs. Shame
Stage III Initiative (ambition) vs. Guilt
Stage IV Industry (capacity to make a productive effort) vs. Inferiority
Stage V Identity vs. Role Confusion (not seeing self as worthy)
Stage VI Intimacy (special closeness to people) vs. Isolation
Stage VII Generativity (concern for future generations) vs. Stagnation
Stage VIII Integrity (sense of satisfaction) vs. Despair

15. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow devised a system for studying human needs
Self-
Actualization
personal potential
self-fulfillment
personal growth
Esteem
self-esteem, achievement,
independence, status, prestige,
Love and Acceptance
family, affection, relationships
Safety and Security
security, order, law, limits
Physical
air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sleep, etc

16. Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development and divided it into
3 stages:
preconventional level
children behave in a way to avoid punishment or gain rewards
conventional level
child’s decisions are shaped by approval or disapproval and do not have to be punished to stop their behavior
postconventional level
Behaviors are based on abstract principles of right and wrong

17. References
textbook-Parents and Their Children

18. 1.1 Match terms related to the study of children
1. adolescence - the period of great growth and change between childhood and adulthood
2. child development - the study of how children grow and change physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially and morally
3. emotional development - a developmental process that refers to the ability to experience, express, and control emotions
4. environment - a person’s surroundings and everything in them, including both human and non-human factors
5. Freud, Sigmund - Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states that a person's early emotional experiences affect adult life profoundly
6. heredity - the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from his or her parents at birth.
7. individual life cycle - a series of stages a person passes through during his or her lifetime. They are: Infancy, Toddler, Preschool, School Age, and Adolescent.
8. infancy - period of childhood from birth up to one year
9. intellectual development - a developmental process that refers to the growth of the brain and the use of mental skills
10. Montessori, Maria - Italian educator whose theory states children learn best through their senses pursuing their own interests at their own rate

19. height and bone structure gender (XX girl, XY boy)
11. Montessori School - a school providing children freedom within limits by a rather structured approach, and a fixed method in which materials are presented
12. moral development - developmental process that refers to the ability to know right from wrong
13. observation - an act of recognizing and recording behavior.
14. physical development - a developmental process that refers to the physical growth of a person’s body. This growth affects height, weight, and internal body systems.
15. Piaget, Jean - the first to study children in a scientific way; he said that children go through four stages of thinking and should be given learning tasks suitable for each stage
16. preschooler - period of childhood from three to five years of age.
17. school age - a child old enough to attend school. Ages 5-12.
18. social development - a developmental process that refers to the way people relate to others around them
19. theory - a scientifically acceptable principle followed as the basis of action
20. toddler - period of childhood from one to three years of age
hair and skin color
height and bone structure
gender (XX girl, XY boy)