The Rise of Rome 5.1

The Land and Peoples of Italy Geography Peninsula easy access to the sea safe from pirates easily defended due to hills People Latin Etruscan Greek

The Roman Republic Overthrew king and formed republic Leader is not a king Certain citizens have the right to vote Many years of war Resulted in control of almost all of Italy

Roman Confederation Success due to 3 virtues Diplomacy Military duty courage discipline Diplomacy Military Law and Politics

The Roman State Early Rome was divided into 2 groups Patricians Large landowners Ruling class Could vote Plebeians Smaller landowners farmers Craftspeople merchants

Chief executive officers Two Consuls ran government led army into battle One Praetor Directed civil law (applied to citizens) Second Praetor Law as applied to non-citizens

Roman Senate 300 patricians served for life started as advisory body, but eventually had force of law

Conflict between plebeians and patricians Centuriate Assembly People’s assembly Elected consuls and praetors Passed laws Organized by classes based on wealth Conflict between plebeians and patricians Wealthy ruling class dominated

Twelve Tables Law of Nations Rome’s first system of law natural or universal law

Rome Conquers the Mediterranean First Punic War Rome sent troops to Sicily Second Punic War Hannibal Third Punic War 50 years later Rome took Carthage Conquered Macedonia and Greece

From Republic to Empire 5.2

Growing Inequality and Unrest and A New Role for the Army Government controlled by small group of wealthy, powerful families New urban class of landless poor emerged Promises of land

The Collapse of the Republic Civil War Three men emerged victorious Crassus Wealthy Pompey Military commander and hero Julius Caesar Combined power – First Triumvirate Government by 3 people with equal power

Senate wanted only Pompey Caesar refused to give up his command Crassus was killed Senate wanted only Pompey Caesar refused to give up his command Moved to Italy Defeated Pompey Became dictator Absolute ruler Made reforms Assassinated

Second Triumvirate End of Civil Wars Age of Augustus begins Octavian, Antony, Lepidus Octavian and Antony split Rome Antony – Cleopatra Fled to Egypt Committed suicide Octavian prevailed End of Civil Wars Age of Augustus begins

Age of Augustus Octavian restored republic Became first Emperor Title of Augustus – “The revered one” Popular Commander and Chief

Early Empire 14-180 A.D. First 4 Emperors were from Augustus’ family more power and corruption Nero Pax Romana Expansion Prosperity

The End