1. Mediterranean Society
The Roman Phase

3. 509 BCE Romans overthrow the last Etruscan King
The Beginning
509 BCE Romans overthrow the last Etruscan King
Surrounded by enemies
Cincinattus – Military Values

4. Got Success? Diplomatic Crushed rebellions without mercy
Great Military
Practical – ROMAN ROADS

7. The Republic - Government
Executive Branch
2 Consuls – Head of Government (Chosen yearly)
2 Praetors – In charge of civil law

8. Legislative Branch A) The Senate 300 Landowners B) Centuriate Assembly
Class struggles lead to conflict  The Result
C) Council of the Plebs

10. Patricians (Aristocrats) Vs. Plebeians (Commoners)
Class Tension
Patricians (Aristocrats)
Vs.
Plebeians (Commoners)

11. Controlling the Mediterranean The Punic Wars
1st Punic War (264 BC – 241 BC)
Rome captures Sicily from Carthage
2nd Punic War (218 BC – 201 BC)
Hannibal takes troops to Italy
3rd Punic War
CATO – “And I think Carthage must be destroyed”

14. Controlling the Mediterranean The East
Hellenistic Kingdoms
Antigonids in Macedon
Ptolemies in Egypt
Seleucids – Anatolia and Syria
148 BC – Macedonia
146 BC – Greece
133 BC – Pergammum (Asia Minor)

16. 1st Triumvirate
Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus
Crassus – Syria (died in battle)
Julius Caesar – Gaul (the MAN)
Pompey – Spain (Richest man in Rome)

17. 1st Triumvirate Senate feared Caesar’s power
Ordered Caesar out of his post
He refused and brought his army to Rome
“Crossing the Rubicon”
Caesar emerges as the sole leader of Rome

19. Julius Caesar 47 BC – J. Caesar Dictator of Rome Gave land to the poor
Increased senate to 900 (weakened)
Granted citizenship to allies
365 Day Calendar
Assassinated in 44 BC – ET TU BRUTE

20. Octavian – Antony – Lepidus
2nd Triumvirate
Octavian – Antony – Lepidus
Octavian vs. Antony
Antony allied with Egyptian Queen Cleopatra VII
Battle of Actium
Octavian wins!!!

22. Massive Army – Praetorian Guard leads to expansion
Augustus Caesar
Octavian – “Restoration of the Republic”
Named Augustus – “Revered One”
Imperator of Rome (Emperor)
Massive Army – Praetorian Guard leads to expansion

23. Problem of Succession
After Augustus Dies Nobody Competent is Set to Rule
5 Bad Emperors
Then…
5 Good Emperors (Pax Romana)

24. Pax Romana Expansion Greco Roman Culture Building Projects Literature
Virgil – The Aeneid
Horace – Satires and Vices
Livy (Historian) – The History of Rome

25. Roman Art/Architecture
Strong Greek Influence
Greeks
Romans
Famous People
Portraits
Paying Customers
Ideal Form
Statues
Real Form
SAME – Rows, Columns
, Rectangular Buildings,
Concrete

26. Roman Law 450 BCE – The Twelve Tables “Innocent Until Proven Guilty”
“Right to a Defense”