1. Roman Beginnings…

2. Rome started with the Latin Tribe on the Italian Peninsula in the Tiber River Valley around 2000 B.C.

3. Italian Peninsula Powers

4. Etruscans

5. The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C.

6. Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins

7. Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins –The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate

8. Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins –The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate The Senate was made up of land owners or Patricians.

9. Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C. –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins –The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate The Senate was made up of land owners or Patricians. The common people were known as Plebeians.

10. Eventually…

11. The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was overthrown.

12. Eventually… The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was overthrown. Rome forms its own government.

13. The Roman Republic

14. Republic: Citizens elect representatives to run the government.

15. The Republic

16. Established in 509 B.C.

17. The Republic Established in 509 B.C. Gives each “tribe” of Rome representation in the government.

18. The Republic Established in 509 B.C. Gives each “tribe” of Rome representation in the government. Uses two different branches to run the government

19. The Roman Republic

20. Senate

21. The Roman Republic SenateConsuls

22. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers Consuls

23. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members Consuls

24. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws Consuls

25. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms Consuls

26. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls Consuls

27. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls

28. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive

29. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions

30. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions -One year terms (to limit their power)

31. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions -One year terms (to limit their power) -During war time one is chosen to act as dictator

32. But…

33. Only Patricians could be part of the government.

34. Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights

35. 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office

36. Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes

37. Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes 451 B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens

38. Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes 451 B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens 287 B.C. - Plebeian Assembly evolves into the Popular Assembly with near equal status to the Senate

39. Rome Expands…

40. North - Took over the Etruscans

41. Rome Expands… North - Took over the Etruscans South - Took over the Greeks

42. Rome Expands… North - Took over the Etruscans South - Took over the Greeks By 270 B.C. Rome ruled all of central and southern Italy

43. Punic Wars

44. Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome

45. Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily

46. Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer

47. Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer –Fought by ships

48. Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer –Fought by ships –Rome won!

49. Hannibal

50. 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome

51. Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps

52. Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men

53. Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa

54. Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa –Hannibal returns to Africa to defend Carthage

55. Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa –Hannibal returns to Africa to defend Carthage –He is defeated at Zama (50 miles from Carthage) in 202 B.C.

56. Third Punic War

57. 199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally

58. Third Punic War 199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage

59. Third Punic War 199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land

60. Third Punic War 199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land North Africa = Roman Province

61. Rome before the wars…

62. Rome after the Punic Wars…

63. Roman Map

64. Roman Empire

65. Expanding across the Mediterranean brought many changes to Rome…

66. Expansion under the Republic

67. Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece

68. Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor

69. Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt

70. Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA

71. Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM

72. Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM “OUR SEA”

73. End of the Republic

74. Senate became too powerful and the army was doing all the work…

75. Enter: Julius Caesar

76. Popular General

77. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul

78. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate

79. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy)

80. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate

81. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)

82. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans

83. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans –Adjusted taxes

84. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans –Adjusted taxes (taxed rich more than the poor)

85. Julius Caesar Became a dictator

86. Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful

87. Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate…

88. Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate… –He was too powerful!

89. Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate… –He was too powerful! Senate assassinates/murders Julius Caesar

90. Octavian & Mark Antony

91. Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators

92. Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West

93. Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West Octavian = Western Empire and Rome

94. Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West Octavian = Western Empire and Rome Mark Antony = Eastern Empire and Egypt

95. Mark Antony & Cleopatra

96. Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne

97. Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian

98. Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula)

99. Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula) Octavian wins

100. Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula) Octavian wins Cleopatra and Mark Antony commit suicide

101. Augustus Caesar

102. Octavian is named emperor by the Senate

103. Augustus Caesar Octavian is named emperor by the Senate –Augustus “the majestic”

104. Augustus Caesar Octavian is named emperor by the Senate –Augustus “the majestic” The Roman Empire is born!

105. Pax Romana (Roman Peace)

106. Augustus

107. Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)

108. Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within…

109. Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes

110. Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works

111. Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works Lack of corruption

112. Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works Lack of corruption Encouraged large Roman families

113. Roman Trade

114. Decline of the Roman Empire 180 A.D. End of Marcus Aurelius’ reign A series of leader came after - did not lead well, were brutal Hostile tribes outside of Rome begin to threaten trade routes Raising of taxes Inflation from overproduction of less valued coinage Decreasing Population -harvests declined (less fertile land) -slave labor = no new technology -disease and starvation Barbarians invading Rome hire mercenaries to fight = lack of loyalty Political office no longer an honor = costs to lead

115. Causes of the Decline of Rome

116. Rome’s economy declines.

117. Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval.

118. Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay.

119. Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay. Bigger gap between the rich and poor.

120. Causes of the Decline of Rome Rome’s economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay. Bigger gap between the rich and poor. Rome splits into East and West

121. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…

122. Economic

123. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation

124. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade

125. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military

126. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes

127. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers

128. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense

129. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political

130. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire

131. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor

132. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social

133. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social –Lack of confidence in the empire

134. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social –Lack of confidence in the empire –Decline in interest of political affairs