1. The Gov’t of Rome: Rome was divided into two groups or orders:  Patricians: great landowners, very wealthy, were Rome’s ruling class.  Plebeians: small landowners, artisans, merchants, small farmers, most of the population.

3. The Gov’t of Rome cont.  Both patricians and plebeians could vote, but only patricians could hold gov’t office.  Consuls (2): elected every year, ran the gov’t, in charge of the military.  Praetors: in charge of civil law as it applied to citizens, also judged non-citizens.

4. The Gov’t of Rome cont:  The Senate: 300 patricians who served for life. By 3 rd cent. BC it had the force of law.  Centuriate Assembly: Elected chief officials and passed laws. Organized by class, wealthiest was the majority.

7. The Gov’t of Rome cont:  Council of Plebes: created in 471 BC.  Only plebes served, slowly gained power.  By 271 BC the Council had the right to pass laws.

9. Roman Law:  Twelve Tables 450 BC: First code of laws for Rome, based on a simple farming society.  Law of Nations: Based on natural or universal law = standards of justice applied to all people. Write down 2 examples from 153.

12. Conquests of Rome:  Main rival was Carthage who wanted to control Med. Trade.  264 BC Rome and Carthage went to war: called the First Punic War.

15. First Punic War: 264-241 BC.  Romans fought Carthage over the island of Sicily.  War fought mostly in naval battles.  Carthage defeated in 241 BC and was forced to give up Sicily.

17. The Second Punic War 218-201 BC.  Rome and Carthage fought again, this time over Spain.  Carthage was led by Hannibal who vowed to destroy Rome.  Hannibal went through Spain, crossed the Alps, and invaded Italy.

24. The Second Punic War 218-201 BC. Cont.  Battle of Cannae: 216 BC, Hannibal wiped out the Roman army.  Problem: Hannibal did not have the men or supplies to defeat Roman cities.  Rome then counter attacked and invaded Carthage – this forced Hannibal to retreat back to Carthage.

29. The Second Punic War, 218-201 BC. Cont.  Battle of Zama, 202 BC: Rome defeated Carthage.  Carthage lost control of Spain to Rome.  Hannibal fled into exile.

35. The Third Punic War  50 years later.  146 BC Rome destroyed Carthage, all citizens became slaves.  Carthage became a Roman province they called Africa.

42. Punic Wars – Final Score: Rome: 3 Carthage: 0