Drought Management and Water Scarcity Adaptation MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER CHAPTER 7 : Drought Management and Water Scarcity Adaptation CIS Strategic Steering Group on Climate Change and Water Inmaculada Paniagua Luis Garrote Directorate General for Water 29 April 2009 1

Introduction How can we adapt in areas exposed to MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER % Change runoff A1, average 12 models, IPCC, 2007 Climate change projections: - Reduction of average flow in Sothern Europe - Longer and more intense droughts in all Europe % Change seasonal and annual river flow A2, LISFLOOD How can we adapt in areas exposed to drought and water scarcity in the framework of EU water legislation? 2

Drought Management and Water Scarcity Adaptation Chapter outline MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER CHAPTER 7 : Drought Management and Water Scarcity Adaptation Introduction: Drought, water scarcity and climate change. Review of existing documentation Technical background Policy and Legislation: why emphasis on droughts and water scarcity? Link to Water Framework Directive Methodology of analysis Climate change scenarios for water resources in arid/semiarid regions Analysis of extremes: drought frequency, duration, magnitude and intensity Expected impacts Review of specific CC impacts on areas already exposed to water scarcity Monitorization and early detection: indicators Measures to adapt to climate change with regard to water scarcity and droughts Institutional framework Building adaptive capacity Specific measures for drought management 3

1. ANALISYS OF EXISTING DOCUMENTATION MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER 1. ANALISYS OF EXISTING DOCUMENTATION 1. Technical background Climate change and water (IPPC, 2008) Impacts of Europe’s Climate Change-2008 Indicators- based assessment (EEA, 2008) Water Scarcity and Droughts, in-depth Assessment. Second Interim Report. June 2007. Policy and legislation Commission Communication of 18 July 2007: Addressing the challenge of water scarcity and droughts in the European Union Council of the European Union conclusion to the Commission Communication of 18 July 2007 Technical Report on Drought Management Plan On the Follow on the Communication on water scarcity and droughts (2008) Do you know any other relevant legislation or Technical report? Would you refer to other kind of documents? How can we link with the impacts of the climate change? Water Framework Directive: PoMs DMPs Exemptions Extreme events Objective e. contributes to mitigate effects of floods and drought How can we link RBMPs with climate change? 4

2. METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER Water managers need guidance in interpreting results of climate models GCMs, Regional models Policy relevant scenarios: Emissions Socio-economic activity Management of natural resources Analysis Factors relevant for water resources managers: Mean values Seasonality Interannual variability Extreme values How can we develop specific methodologies to quantify water resources and characterize droughts in climate change scenarios? Examples, please! 5

2. METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER Example: Impact of precipitation change on river flows (UK) 6

2. METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER Example: Runoff estimation through hydrometeorological model (ES) Scenario A2 Scenario B2 1961-1990 2011-2040 2041-2070 2071-2100 1961-1990 2011-2040 2041-2070 2071-2100 7

Examples of case studies 3. EXPECTED IMPACTS MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER What are the expected impacts in areas exposed to drought and water scarcity? These regions are very sensitive to climate change High degree of water resources use Need to allocate water for environmental uses Little margin to improve water availability Climate change is perceived as intensification of existing pressures Reduction of water availability Increase in water demand Intensification of water management conflicts Competition for water Decrease of water quality In some areas, current water uses cannot be maintained in the future Progressive reduction of water consumption Reallocation of water availability to those uses that are considered more adequate by society Any other relevant impact? Examples of case studies 8

3. EXPECTED IMPACTS Example: Water availability for abstraction (UK) 9 MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER Example: Water availability for abstraction (UK) 9

3. MONITORIZATION AND INDICATORS MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER Indicators developed by Spain Driving force Pressure State Impact Response Atrophic factors Population density Population concentration Overnights stays Land under cultivation Land under intensive cultivation Livestock population Industry GAV Most polluting industries GAV Natural factors Precipitation Temperature Potential evapotranspiration Water demand Urban water supply Fertilizers consumption Pesticides consumption Cumulative flow Reservoir storage Exploitation/consumption indexes Hydrologic status Organic contamination Aquifers nitrates concentration Humidity index P deviations T deviations PE deviations Soil moisture Natural water resources Volume of water as snow Arid surface Environmental objectives for groundwater bodies Environmental objectives for water bodies WWTP compliance Water supply investment Water quality investment Operative dam Reservoir capacity Reused water volume Desalination water volume Efficient use of urban water Price of domestic water Price of industrial water Natural Network surface Do we need to develop specific indicators concerning climate change? 10

4. MEASURES TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE Examples of case studies MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER Win-win strategy: Water scarcity and climate change adaptation policies are equally effective to solve current water management problems and will be effective for a wide range of future scenarios Policy-relevant adaptation measures Water policy in global framework Establishing priorities in sectorial policies Identification of essential demands Integrated management of territory Building adaptation capacity Improve legal framework Strengthen public water management institutions Change decision making process Methodological improvement: scenario analyses, sensitivity studies, etc. Intensification of existing policies Increase and diversify supply (non conventional water resources) Reduce and flexibilize demands (reliability) Integrated management of water systems Water rights exchange Densification of distribution networks Immediate and progressive action Monitoring (measurement networks) Early warning (I+D+I activities) Any other relevant adaptation measures? Examples of case studies 11

4. MEASURES TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER Example: Drought observatory (US) 12

4. MEASURES TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER Example: Water recycling (ES) 13

Thank you for your attention MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AND RURAL AND MARINE AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR WATER Thank you for your attention We are looking forward to your comments!! 14