1. Optimization for Sustainable Water Resources
Lebanon Case Study The Lower Litani River Basin
First Management Board Meeting
ELARD in cooperation with NCRS
Izmir April 1 and 2, 2005
Environmental and Water Resources Management Consultants
Lebanese National Center for Remote Sensing

2. OUTLINE Status of Stakeholders Involvement Issues Questionnaire
Data Collection Progress
Model Tools and Scenarios
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

3. Status of Stakeholders Involvement
Major Stakeholders were identified (<Stakeholders-general list-Lebanon>) Not fully taken into account in D01
Still need to identify key communities to be involved and other major water users (farmers COOPs)
Key stakeholders are already involved in the project (Litani River Authority (GOV), NGOs, MoE)
Next steps:
Introducing remaining stakeholders to project (letters, issues questionnaires, interviews)
Local participatory workshop (?)
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

4. Issues Questionnaires
Already tested by:
ELARD and NCRS
LRA (GOV)
Amwaj of Environment (NGO)
Comprehensiveness
Data availability (?) (under Water management)
R&D (under water management)
DSS (?) (under Water management)
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

5. Issues Questionnaires (2)
Clarity:
Water scarcity
Coastal interaction
Coexistance of public and private responsibility, privatization
Gender issues
Technology and investments
Development of demand (generic)
Household/Tourism/Agriculture/Industrial Water Quality under Water Demand
Shipping and flooding (under Water demand, other uses)
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

6. Issues Questionnaires (3)
Structure:
Water scarcity under physical conditions (?) or under Water Supply (as water availability)?
Separate groundwater availability and quality
Separate Standards and Quotas
Water Quality Issue within Demand and Supply Why not as a stand-alone category (in order to address key issues affecting water quality)?
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

7. Issues Questionnaires (4) Comparative Analysis
Not applicable
Marginal
Important
Very important
1. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS
1.1 WATER SCARCITY
PRIV
GOV NGO
1.2 FLOODS AND DROUGHTS
ALL
1.3 GROUNDWATER AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY
GOV (avail.)
GOV (qual.) PRIV
NGO
1.4 WATERSHED DEGRADATION
GOV
NGO PRIV
1.5 COASTAL INTERACTION
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

8. OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study
Not applicable
Marginal
Important
Very important
2. WATER MANAGEMENT
2.1 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
2.1.1 Conflict and fragmentation of competences between institutions, overlap and conflicts
ALL
2.1.2 Participation in water management - mechanisms, fora, active use
NGO
GOV PRIV
2.1.3 Coexistence of public and private responsibility, privatization
2.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
2.2.1 Standards and quotas
PRIV
GOV NGO
2.2.2 Water rights and conflict resolution
2.3 WATER PRICING POLICIES
2.4 EDUCATION AND AWARENESS
2.5 GENDER ISSUES
GOV
NGO PRIV
2.6 TECHNOLOGY AND INVESTMENTS
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

9. OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study
Not applicable
Marginal
Important
Very important
3. WATER DEMAND
3.1 DEVELOPMENT OF DEMAND (GENERIC)
NGO
GOV
3.1.1 Population growth (general)
NGO PRIV
3.1.2 Urbanisation, land use change
PRIV
GOV NGO
3.1.3 Economic development (tourism, industry)
3.2 HOUSEHOLD
3.2.1 Water quantity
3.2.2 Water quality
3.2.3 Water technologies
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

10. OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study
3.3 TOURISM
3.3.1 Water quantity
ALL
3.3.2 Water quality
GOV PRIV
NGO
3.3.3 Water technologies
3.4 AGRICULTURE
3.4.1 Water quantity
3.4.2 Water quality
3.4.3 Water technologies (irrigation efficiency)
3.5 INDUSTRY
3.5.1 Water quantity
3.5.2 Water quality
GOV NGO
PRIV
3.5.3 Water technologies (efficiency, recycling, reuse, BAT)
3.6 OTHER USES (environment, shipping, flood control)
3.6.1 Environmental water allocation
GOV
3.6.2 Shipping
3.6.3 Flooding
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

11. OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study
4. WATER SUPPLY
4.1 QUANTITY
PRIV
GOV NGO
4.2 QUALITY
4.2.1 Surface water
ALL
4.2.2 Groundwater
NGO
GOV PRIV
4.3 ACCESSIBILITY
4.3.1 Households (availability of piped water)
4.3.2 Tourism
4.3.3 Agriculture
4.3.4 Industry
4.4 INFRASTRUCTURES
4.4.1 Water abstraction and storage, reservoirs, water harvesting
GOV
4.4.2 Sewer system, water treatment and discharges
4.4.3 Water distribution networks (canals and pipes), losses
4.4.4 Preservation of natural resources
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

12. Data Collection and Availability
Identification: Lower Litani River Basin, South Lebanon
Description:
Coastal southern Lebanon along Eastern Mediterranean
Sub-Basin Area: 600 km2
Elevations from 0 to 600 m amsl
Average annual precipitation: 700 mm
Over 100 springs and increasing number of groundwater wells
Around 120 towns and a total population of about 300,000 persons
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

13. Data Collection and Availability (2)
Location:
GIS data and satellite imagery are available
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

14. Data Collection and Availability (3)
Basin:
High-resolution DEM is available
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

15. Data Collection and Availability (4)
Land-use:
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

16. Data Collection and Availability (5)
Meteorology:
Data available from the Lebanese Meteorological Service
Annual total/average precipitation and temperature; min/max/average, monthly total/average time series of daily values are available
Number of relevant stations being checked with LMS (limited number of stations – 1 or 2)
Hydrology:
Data available from the Litani River Authority
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

17. Data Collection and Availability (6)
Monitoring infrastructure:
Major limitation with respect to water quality monitoring
No systematic monitoring of groundwater levels
No monitoring/measurement of water consumption (metering systems)
No systematic monitoring available other than hydrological and meteorological data
Water budget:
Precipitation = 282 million m3/year
Evapo-transpiration = 143 million m3/year
Runoff = 43 million m3/year
River discharge = 130 million m3/year
Different uses = 66 million m3/year
Groundwater storage = 100 million m3/year
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

18. Data Collection and Availability (7)
Structures:
One major reservoir: Markaba
No water/wastewater treatment plants available
Water resources:
More than 70% of water consumption goes to irrigation
No environmental water use
Main source of water supply is from surface water
No unconventional sources
Domestic distribution networks need upgrading
Irrigation networks are still deficient and need to be implemented
No treatment facilities
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

19. Data Collection and Availability (8)
Demography:
Total population
300000
Urban/rural
National 87% urban
Local 76% urban
Family size
National 5
Local 7
Growth rate
1.9%
Migration
18% among youth
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

20. Modeling Basic review and initiation to manuals
Effective start after long expected modeling training workshop
OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

21. OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study