WARM UP How did the technological advancements in military weaponry change the way that wars were fought, starting with the Great War (WWI)

The Peace Settlement of WWI         The Peace Settlement of WWI  

Wilson’s Fourteen Points: Basis for Peace Freedom of the seas in peace and in war Removal of economic barriers between nations Reduction of national armaments Self-determination for all nations Adjustment of colonial claims, based on interests of the subject peoples German Evacuation of : Russian, Belgian, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro territory Evacuation and restoration of France, and return of Alsace –Lorraine An adjustment of borders for Italy and the new Turkey Establishment of an independent Poland A League of Nations Functioned as a peace keeping organization, U.S. didn’t join.

The Paris Peace Conference Formally opened January 18, 1919 Attended by 32 allied nations Excluded The defeated nations Russia Dominated by the 4 major Allied Nations Woodrow Wilson: The United States Hailed by the European public as a “Messiah” Desired long lasting peace to avoid another war Georges Clemenceau: France Wanted Revenge on Germany David Lloyd George: Great Britain Concerned for British Naval Supremacy. Wanted to punish Germany Premier Vittorio Orlando: Italy. Wanted territory from Austria They got upset and left the conference

The Treaty of Versailles Germany forced to sign on June 28, 1919 Germany Lost All her colonies and “spheres of influence” Alsace-Lorraine to France Claim to part of Poland Territory to new Baltic states Significant areas of resources such as iron, coal, and agricultural land Forced to pay Reparations in gold - amount later fixed at $32 Billion Restrictions on Germany Rhineland area of 30 miles wide on right bank of the Rhine demilitarized - and occupied by Allied troops for minimum of 15 years Army limited to 100k men, with no conscription No military planes, tanks, heavy artillery, or submarines Navy limited to six warships and a few lesser craft Article 231: The War Guilt Clause Germany forced to admit sole responsibility for causing World War I This is the most unjustified feature of the treaty, and a psychological blow to German pride preparing the way for Hitler’s appeal to the Germans.

The Treaty of St. Germain with Austria Sept. 1919 Similar to the treaty with Germany, but actually harsher on the new state of Austria Prohibited from unifying with Germany ever again Territory reduced to an area one-tenth the size of the former Hapsburg Empire Austrian army and navy limited Reparations also imposed Forced to recognize the independence of the newly created nations Czechoslovakia-which incorporated 3 million Germans Yugoslavia Poland – created with territory from Germany and Russia Hungary

http://www. the-map-as-history http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome03/Map-of-Europe-after-WW1-and-the-Versailles-Treaty.php

The New Map of Europe