A New Kind of Revolution Main Idea In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry (woven fabric), which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries. Reading Focus Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? How did the Agricultural Rev. lead to the Industrial Rev.? How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles? How did steam power the Industrial Revolution? Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?

A Revolution in Great Britain During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution. Exploration and colonialism Seapower Political stability Government support Growth of private investment Factors for Success

Agricultural Factors Research and development on crop rotation – growing different crops on the same plot of land each year Jethro Tull invented the seed drill to make planting faster Improved livestock breeding and new varieties of crops helped increase food supply and population grew Enclosure movement put small plots of land into large farms

Britain’s Big Advantage The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. Had essential elements for economic success Factors of production Land resources grew with new colonies Labor moved from small farms into cities Capital investment grew as merchants used banks

The Big Five Great Britain United States Prussia France Japan 3

A Revolution in Textiles Textile Industry Beginning of Industrial Revolution Weaving was a cottage industry – handmade in the home Labor performed at home Industrialization transformed this Fabric made of wool or cotton (grown on plantations in the Americas) Supply of fibers increased in the 1700s Slave labor in America New Way of Making Cloth

Cotton Gin

Spinning Jenny

Flying Shuttle

Cloth-making in Factories Cottages too small Factory invented Increased the need for power Water frame for water power Output increased 8x by 1770 1

Steam Powers the Revolution First succeeded in 1712 Innovations by James Watt Steam power versus water power Development of Steam Engine

Steamships Robert Fulton invents the first of the Steamships.

Mining Coal Coal needed for Steam Engines Required a lot of fuel Wood not as efficient or plentiful Coal industry grew and landscapes changed Dangers of mining not understood by most

Industrialization Spreads Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry? Political liberty Freedom to compete Monetary rewards Exploitation of labor Improvements in technology Why Western Countries? Mill Factory

Industry in Asia Eventually, industry spread to Asia. Japan first in 1868 In the 1900s China India Russia A British Train in Shimbashi, Japan