Southern Europe Chapter 16

Iberian Peninsula ●Analyze how past events have affected Spain. ●Compare and contrast Portugal and Spain.

What countries are located on the Iberian Peninsula? Spain and Portugal

What did the Moors bring to Iberia in the 700’s? Islamic religion New irrigation techniques Crafts New crops Universities Trade

List historical facts about Spain 700’s  Moors invade and start to rule 1492  Moors are driven out by the Christians 1500’s  Spain has many over seas territories, due to a strong navy 1800’s  lost most of its territories, due to wars 1939  terrible civil war, democracy vs. dictatorship, Francisco Franco wins. 1975  Franco dies, return to democracy, 17 regions with different levels of autonomy while still having a central government

What are the 3 different dialects of Spanish? Castilian (75%), Basque, Catalan

What activities play a major role in the Spanish economy? Manufacturing Textiles, clothing, footwear, ships, cars, etc Tourism Costa del Sol, Pyrenees, Balearic Is. Agriculture Olive oil, wine, oranges, corn, potatoes, tomatoes

Italian Peninsula ●Analyze how Italy’s history has affected its culture. ●Describe what Italy is like today.

List important facts about Rome. 1st city to hold 1 million people Center of the Roman Empire Headquarters for the Roman Catholic Church Vatican City located inside

Give details about Italy Northern part became rich from trade Even though the Alps separate it from the rest of Europe, it was the center of the Renaissance Italy was not a united country until 1861 Member of the European Union and NATO

What is the most famous part of Italian culture? Food Large meals eaten in the middle of the day

Why is Rome important to Italy? Political & Cultural Center Capital city Largest city Money from Tourism Historical city

Briefly describe Italy’s government. 50 different governments since World War II, some lasting only months Many political parties represented in parliament Have had coalitions Currently functioning with Democratic government

Contrast North & South Italy Large industrial cities of Milan, Genoa, and Turin Po Valley  Breadbasket of Italy Richer Region Poorer Region High unemployment Not very modern economy Soil erosion Deforestation

What population issues does Italy have? Low Birth Rate Aging Population  not many young people Not enough young workers to replace retiring workers Most of the population growth is from immigration

Roman History

Greece and the Balkan Peninsula ●Analyze how Greece developed into a modern country .●Explain why the western Balkans are politically unstable. ●Describe the changes that are occurring in the eastern Balkans.

Trace the history of government in Greece. City-States Roman & Ottoman Turks controlled parts of Greece 1829 Greece becomes and independent country Many elected governments followed a Civil War, but military leaders took over in 1967 1974 return to democratic government

List 3 facts about Greek culture Cooking influenced by cultures that at one time ruled Greece Economy changed from agriculture to industry More women’s rights

What challenges does Greece have today? Still a poor country, even though it is a member of the European Union Immigrants from Albania taking jobs Urbanizing quickly, which has led to many urban problems (smog, traffic, & pollution)

Which countries make up the Western Balkans? Albania Bosnia (Herzegovina) Croatia Macedonia Slovenia Serbia Montenegro * Serbia & Montenegro used to be combined to make Yugoslavia

Discuss the governments of the Western Balkans Controlled by the Ottoman Turks World War I most of the countries won independence from the Ottoman Empire Yugoslavia formed to unite Slavic people, after World War I, Albania has remained independent since 1912 World War II USSR occupied Balkans except for Greece, with was ruled by a dictator named Tito 1980-1990 Yugoslavia starts to split up 1991 Slovenia & Croatia declare independence 1992 Bosnia declares independence, Albania changes to democratic government

Match ethnic groups and religions Serbs Croatians Albanians Macedonians Orthodox Christians Roman Catholic Muslim

What countries make up the Eastern Balkans? Bulgaria/Romania/ Moldova

Trace the Eastern Balkans road to independence. Historically controlled by the Romans, Byzantines, and Ottoman Turks Gained independence from the Ottomans after their empire collapsed at the end of World War I During and after World War II, their were controlled by the USSR Gained independence after the the fall of communism in 1990.

What challenges are the Eastern Balkans facing? Changing form economy based on agriculture to industry Raising the standard of living: health care, drinkable water, education, income, etc. They currently have a lack of adequate housing for the people residing there. Decrease in population due in part to many push factors.